Sirsir

Template:Short description Template:Template otherTemplate:Wikidata imageTemplate:Compare image with Wikidata Sirsir, also known as Ninsirsir,Template:Sfn was a Mesopotamian god. He was associated with sailors. It has been proposed that he corresponds to the so-called "boat god" motif known from cylinder seals, but this theory is not universally accepted.

Character

Sirsir was the god of sailors.Template:Sfn He could be identified as the boatman of Enki.Template:Sfn Proposed translations of his name include "slithering one"Template:Sfn and "rower."Template:Sfn In the text Marduk's Address to the Demons he appears alongside Laguda, also argued to be a god associated with the sea.Template:Sfn A late god list explains his role as that of "Ea of the boatman."Template:Sfn In Muššu'e, he is placed in the proximity of Marduk, and identified with Tutu.Template:Sfn A single late hymn identifies him as a son of Qingu.Template:Sfn

Frans Wiggermann argues that in addition to being the god of sailors, he was also associated with vegetation.Template:Sfn

Worship

Sirsir is already present in the Early Dynastic god list from Abu Salabikh.Template:Sfn One of the Zame Hymns is dedicated to him, which indicates he was likely a deity of relatively high rank at this time.Template:Sfn He belonged to the pantheon of Eridu.Template:Sfn It has also been proposed that he had his own cult city somewhere on the coast of the Persian Gulf.Template:Sfn

Mythology

Sirsir appears in the myth Enki and the World Order, in which he is designated as the captain (ensi) of the eponymous god's boat.Template:Sfn

In the Enuma Elish, Sirsir is listed as the twenty eighth of the fifty names of Marduk:Template:Sfn Template:C quote According to Wilfred G. Lambert, it is possible that this passage was an echo of an originally independent tradition, in which it was Sirsir, rather than Marduk, who battled a personification of the sea.Template:Sfn

Sirsir is also mentioned in the text Marduk's Address to the Demons as a deity separate from Marduk: Template:C quote

Sirsir and the "boat god" art motif

It has been proposed that Sirsir can be identified with the so-called "boat god," a motif known from cylinder seals.Template:Sfn However, this identification has yet to be conclusively proven.Template:Sfn

The boat god is usually depicted transporting the sun god Utu/Shamash.Template:Sfn Typical portrayals have a snake tail, though sometimes he can also have two or four legs.Template:Sfn A snake or dragon head might be placed on the end of the tail.Template:Sfn Most attestations of this motif are known from the Diyala area and the Hamrin Mountains, fewer come from Kish and Mari, and only three or four are known from southern Mesopotamia.Template:Sfn Based on the distribution of these works of art and on the serpentine form of the "boat god" Frans Wiggermann proposed an association between him and the gods of the "trans-Tigridian" region, such as Ishtaran from Der and Inshushinak from Susa.Template:Sfn

According to Helene J. Kantor, an argument against the identification of the boat god with Sirsir is the apparent relatively high status of the latter in the Early Dynastic sources.Template:Sfn