Outline of Sikhism

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Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsThe following outline is provides an overview of Sikhism, or Sikhi (its endonym).

Sikhism has been described as being either a panentheistic or monotheistic religion—emphasizing universal selflessness and brotherhood—founded in the 15th century upon the teachings of Guru Nanak and the ten succeeding Gurus.[1][2][3] It is the fifth-largest organized religion in the world,[4] and one of the fastest-growing.[5]

The sacred text and last Guru of Sikhism, Guru Granth Sahib, teaches humans how to unite with the all cosmic soul; with God, the creator: "Only those who selflessly love everyone, they alone shall find God."

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Scripture and literature

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Scripture

Sikh literature

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Associated terms

  • Ardās
  • Bhagat Bani — any of the writings that appear in the Guru Granth Sahib which were not written by the Gurus.
  • Gurbani (abbreviated as bani) — general term for Gurus' writings
  • Gutka — a small sized breviary or prayer book containing chosen hymns (banis) from Sikh scriptures
  • Nitnem — daily recitations
  • Paath
  • Savaiya — a form of poetry written in praise of someone, in which every verse is 1/4 times the length of a common verse.
  • Shabda — the hymns contained in Sikh scriptures.
  • Sloka — 'stanza'; the Sanskrit epic metre formed of 32 syllables: verses of 2 lines (distich) of 16 syllables each or in 4 half-lines (hemistich) of 8 syllables each.

Philosophy and beliefs

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Relation to other religions

Practices and culture

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  • Amrit — elixir of immortality; the sanctified nectar or sugar water substitute used in ceremonies. It is prepared by stirring it in an iron bowl with the double-edged sword and continuous recitation of five banis by the five selected members of the Khalsa.
  • Dasvand — a kind of Sikh tithe; the act of donating 10% of one's harvest, both financially and in the form of time and service (i.e., seva) to the Gurdwara and community.
  • Five Ks — five articles of faith worn by baptised, or khalsa, Sikhs:
  • Kirtan — musical recitation
  • Langar — communal kitchen where free food is distributed to all comers
  • Naam Japo — meditation on the name of God
    • Jaap — 'recitation'
  • Prohibitions (kurahit kurahat), including:
    • Cutting, trimming, shaving or removing hairs from one's body — Sikhs practice kesh, allowing their hair to grow out naturally in respect to God's creation
    • Intoxication
    • Castism
    • Kutha meat — eating meat killed in a ritualistic manner (particularly halal or kosher meat), or any meat where langar is served (except jatkha meat).
  • Seva — selfless service
  • Sikh Rehat Maryada — code of conduct

Sikh ceremonies

  • Anand Karaj ('blissful union, joyful union') — the Sikh marriage ceremony, first introduced by Guru Amar Das.
  • Akhand Path — continuous reading of Sri Guru Granth Sahib, either in honour of a particular occasion or simply to increase one's feeling of connection to God. Akhand Paths can be held, for example, in honour of a birth/birthday, wedding/anniversary, recovery from a medical operation, death, or a historic occasion; to celebrate the achievement of a goal such as a graduation or passing the driving test; or in chasing away evil spirits and curses, etc.
  • Amrit Sanchar — baptism into the Khalsa tradition
  • Antam Sanskar — funeral rites
  • Naam Karan — child's naming ceremony
  • Sadharan Paath

Sikh festivals

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General Sikh culture

Sikh geography

File:Punjab under Ranjit Singh1823-1839.jpg
Map of Ranjit Singh's empire at its peak
File:Punjab 1909.jpg
Map of Punjab Province (British India), 1909
File:Golden Temple India.jpg
Harmandir Sahib (the Golden Temple) at night, in Amritsar, India

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Sikhism by country

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Gurdwaras

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File:Golden Temple 1.jpg
The Harmandir Sahib, Sikh Gurdwara and spiritual centre at Amritsar, India
File:Nishan Sahib.svg
Nishan Sahib

In India

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Other gurdwaras in India include:

In the United States

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Gurdwaras in Pakistan

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Other gurdwaras

Other Sikh institutions

Sikh politics, military, and administration

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Organizations

File:Ghadar Flag.png
Ghadar Party flag

Military

Movements

History of Sikhism

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Battles

People

File:Turbannedman.jpg
Sikh man in turban

Sikhs are members of the Sikh religion. A sangat is a society or congregation of Sikhs.

Titles and labels

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  • Amritdhari — baptized Sikh; anyone who has been initiated into the Khalsa, according to Sikh Reht Maryada.
  • Brahmgiani — highly enlightened individual who has obtained the ultimate blessings of Waheguru.
  • Granthi — the Sikh that reads Guru Granth Sahib
  • Gurmukh — a person who is spiritually centered. A person who lives within the will of God and accepts all good and bad that happens to one's self without question or annoyance. A gurmukh stands in contrast to a manmukh.
  • Gursikh
  • Gyani
  • Jathedar
  • Kar sevak
  • Manmukh — a self-centered person, contrast to gurmukh. A person who lives within the will of the Mind as opposed to the will of god.
  • Nihang — a warrior Sikh
  • Nirankari — an offshoot of Sikhism
  • Patit — apostate
  • Sahajdhari — unbaptized Sikh.
  • Sant Sipahi
  • Sardar — a word contemporarily used to address or denote a turban-wearing Sikh male. The term initially used by Sikh leaders and generals who held important positions in various Sikh Misls of the Sikh Empire.
  • Sevadar — one who volunteers for seva
  • Shaheed — title used before the name of a person who has died as a Sikh martyr.
  • Sikh names
    • Kaur ('princess') — the middle name or surname given to Sikh females
    • Singh ('lion') — the middle name or surname given to Sikh males
  • Udasi — a religious sect of ascetic sadhus who were key interpreters of the Sikh philosophy and the custodians of important Sikh shrines until the Akali movement. Modern-day udasis consider themselves more to be Hindu rather than Sikhs.

Sikh Gurus

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  • Guru Nanak Dev — According to the traditional historical Sikh sources Guru Nanak Dev appeared on earth in the month of Katak Oct/November 1469 which is celebrated every year in the month of October/November. The SGPC which was founded in 1925, states the avtar date as 15 April 1469. The Sikhs believe that all subsequent Gurus possessed Guru Nanak's divinity and the one spirit of Akaal Purakh Waheguru.[16]
  • Guru Angad Dev (1504–52) — disciple of Guru Nanak Dev and second of the ten Sikh Gurus.
  • Guru Amar Das (1479–1574) — third of the ten Sikh Gurus.
  • Guru Ram Das ( 1534–81) — fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
  • Guru Arjan Dev (1563–1605) — fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was arrested and executed by Jahangir in 1605.[17]
  • Guru Har Gobind (1596–1638) — son of Guru Arjan Dev and the sixth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
  • Guru Har Rai (1630–61) — grandson of Guru Har Gobind and seventh of the ten Sikh Gurus.
  • Guru Har Krishan (1656–64) — son of Guru Har Rai and eighth of the ten Sikh Gurus.
  • Guru Tegh Bahadur (1621–75) — grand uncle of Guru Har Krishan and ninth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was executed on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi.[18]
  • Guru Gobind Singh(1666–1708) — son of Guru Tegh Bahadur and tenth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He named the holy scripture, as his successor
  • Guru Granth Sahib — the spiritual religious text of Sikhism, said to be the sole and final successor of the line of gurus. It is the eternal living Guru.[19] the final and eternal guru of the Sikhs.[20]

Notable people

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General concepts

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  • Brahmavidya — knowledge of the Divine
  • Vand Chhako — charity (or daan); one of the three petitions, alongside naam and ishnan.
  • Dasvand — 10% of earnings donated to the less advantaged.
  • Gurbani (abbreviated as bani) — verses; applied to any of the collective writings of the Sikh Gurus that appear in the Guru Granth Sahib.
  • Gurdwara (or gurudwara; literally 'God's door, God's place') — Sikh place of worship
  • Ik Onkar (or Ek Onkar) — One formless, genderless universal Lord called Wahguru
  • Ishnan — Template:Wikt-lang, purification of body and mind; one of the three petitions, alongside naam and daan.
  • Jaap — recite.
  • Kirat Karo — earning a living honestly, without exploitation or fraud
  • Laavaan
  • Naam — remembrance of the Divine name
  • Takhat
  • Tankhah — social offense, such as giving dowry, using liquors and intoxicants, raising monuments over graves, and associating with apostates.

Pop culture

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  6. ↑ Singh, Pritama. 1992. Bhai Gurdas. pp. 33–36. Template:ISBN.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971–1994. Template:ISBN. Mehtab Ali Shah: "Such is the political, psychological and religious attachment of the Sikhs to that city that a Khalistan without Lahore would be like a Germany without Berlin."
  10. ↑ Amritsar to Lahore: a journey across the India-Pakistan border. Stephen Alter. Template:ISBN "Ever since the separatist movement gathered force in the 1980s, Pakistan has sided with the Sikhs, even though the territorial ambitions of Khalistan include Lahore and sections of the Punjab on both sides of the border."
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Jacques, p. 93
  16. ↑ Guru Nanak may be referred to by many other names and titles such as "Satguru Nanak Dev", "Guru Nanak Dev" or "Baba Nanak" .
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ A Gateway to Sikhism | Sri Guru Tegh Bhadur Sahib J - A Gateway to Sikhism Template:Webarchive
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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