Segolate
Template:More citations needed Segolates are words in the Hebrew language whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the penultimate vowel receives syllable stress. Such words are called "segolates" because the final unstressed vowel is typically (but not always) segol.
These words evolved from older Semitic words that ended in a complex coda; indeed, when a suffix (other than an absolute plural) is added to a segolate, the original form (or something similar) reappears (cf. kéleḇ "dog" vs. kalbī "my dog").Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Examples:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| *Ancient | Tiberian | Stem | Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ʼarṥ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶרֶץ, אָרֶץ | ʼéreṣ, ʼā́reṣ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אַרְצ־ | ʼarṣ- | earth; land |
| *ʼurn | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֹרֶן | ʼṓren | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אָרְנ־ | ʼorn- | pine tree |
| *baʻl | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בַּעַל, בָּעַל | báʻal, bā́ʻal | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בַּעֲל־ | baʻăl- | husband |
| *zarʻ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />זֶרַע, זָרַע | zéraʻ, zā́raʻ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />זַרְע־ | zarʻ- | seed |
| *yayn | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יַיִן, יָיִן | yáyin, yā́yin | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יֵינ־ | yên- | wine |
| *milḥ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶלַח | mélaḥ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִלְח־ | milḥ- | salt |
| *milk | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶלֶך | méleḵ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַלְכּ־ | malk- | king |
| *kalb | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כֶּלֶב, כָּלֶב | kéleḇ, kā́leḇ | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כַּלְבּ־ | kalb- | dog |
| *laḥy | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לֶחִי, לְחִי | léḥî, ləḥî | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לֶחֱי־ | leḥĕy- | cheek; tool jaw |
| *ʻibr | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עֵבֶר | ʻḖḇer | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עִבְר־ | ʻiḇr- | Eber |
| *ʻayn | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עַיִן, עָיִן | ʻáyin, ʻā́yin | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עֵינ־ | ʻên- | eye |
| *ṣidq | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />צֶדֶק | ṣéḏeq | <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />צִדְק־ (צַדְק־?) | ṣiḏq-Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | righteousness |
The ancient forms like *CawC (such as šawr "bull") almost universally evolved to non-segolate CôC (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שׁוֹר šôr), though there are exceptions, such as <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מָוֶת mā́weṯ "death".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Some segolate words' final syllable ends with a patach rather than a segol, due to the influence of guttural consonants (<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ה, <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ע, <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />א, <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ח) in the final syllable.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Classical Arabic still preserves forms similar to the reconstructed Ancient Hebrew forms, although significantly simplified.[1] Examples include ʼarḍ "earth", kalb "dog", ʻayn "eye", ṣidq "sincerity".
Some modern dialects insert an epenthetic vowel between the final two consonants, similar to what happened in Hebrew.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".