Scutellaria lateriflora
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Scutellaria lateriflora, (commonly "blue skullcap", "mad dog skullcap",[1][2] "American skullcap", "side-flowering skullcap", etc.) is a hardy perennial herb of the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to North America.
It has an upright habit, growing Script error: No such module "convert". in maximum height.[3][4] It is a wetland-loving species and grows near marshes, meadows, and another wet habitat. The blue flowers are just under Script error: No such module "convert". long.[3][4] Most of the flowers do not appear at the top of the main stem but are produced along the length of side branches that grow from the leaf axils.
Other skullcaps (Scutellaria) species include common skullcap (S. galericulata), western skullcap (S. canescens), and southern skullcap (S. cordifolia).
Phytochemicals
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The principal phytochemicals are polyphenols in the leaves, stems, and roots of some Scutellaria species, including baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A.[5][6][7] Other constituents include lateriflorin, melatonin, serotonin, viscidulin III-2’-O-glucoside, Chyrin-6-C-ara-glc, trans-verbascoside, viscidulin, trans-martynoside, oroxylin A-7-O-glc, wogonoside, chitin, and scutellarin.[7] Scutellaria lateriflora contains flavonoids.[8]
One study identified 5,6,7-trihydroxy-2'- methoxyflavone and its 7-O-glucuronide.[9] Scutellarin is a flavone found in S. lateriflora and S. barbata.[10] It is transformed by hydrolysis into scutellarein.
Genkwanin, hesperetin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, chrysin, and daidzein are the flavonoids found in S. lateriflora.[10] The flavonoids are readily extracted using hot water.[11]
The oil from S. lateriflora contains τ-cadinene, calamenene, β-elemene, α-cubebene, and α-humulene.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
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| Chemical | Concentration (mg/g) |
|---|---|
| alpha-cubebene | 42 |
| alpha-humulene | 42 |
| beta-elemene | 92 |
| calamenene | 152 |
| delta-cadinene | 270 |
| Chemical | Concentration (mg/g) |
|---|---|
| carbohydrates | 780 |
| ascorbic acid | 1 |
| baicalin | 10[12] |
| scutellarin | |
| scutellarein | |
| tannin | 28-35 |
| wax | 12 |
Traditional uses and research
Its extracts are used in herbal medicine intended as a mild sedative and sleep promoter.[8] Cherokee women have used it as an emmenagogue.[13] In 1773, Scutellaria lateriflora became a common treatment in North America for the hysteria and hydrophobia caused by rabies.[14]
Skullcap products have been analyzed, with some adulterated by Teucrium canadense or T. chamaedrys, also known as germander, which contains potentially hepatotoxic diterpenes.[8]
References
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- ↑ Scutellaria lateriflora. NatureServe. 2012.
- ↑ mad dog, n. -compounds Oxford English Dictionary - mad dog because it was a supposed cure for hydrophobia
- ↑ a b Jepson Manual Treatment
- ↑ a b Washington Burke Museum
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Analysis of Scutellaria lateriflora and its adulterant Teucrium canadense by HPLC-UV and HPLC-UV/MS, Tom's of Maine, PO Box 710, Kennebunk, ME 04043. USA.
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
- ↑ Joshee N, Patrick TS, Mentreddy RS, Yadav AK. 2002. Skullcap: Potential medicinal crop. In: J Janick, A Whipkey (eds). In Trends in New Crops and New Uses. ASHS Press: Alexandria, VA; 580– 586.
- ↑ Scutellaria lateriflora. Southern Cross Plant Science. Southern Cross University.
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