Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way

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Template:Short description The Milky Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group.[1]

There are 61 small galaxies confirmed to be within Script error: No such module "convert". of the Milky Way,[2] but not all of them are necessarily in orbit, and some may themselves be in orbit of other satellite galaxies. The only ones visible to the naked eye are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which have been observed since prehistory. Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2006 suggest the Magellanic Clouds may be moving too fast to be orbiting the Milky Way.[3] Of the galaxies confirmed to be in orbit, the largest is the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy, which has a diameter of Script error: No such module "convert".[4] or roughly a twentieth that of the Milky Way.

Characteristics

Satellite galaxies that orbit from Script error: No such module "convert". of the edge of the disc of the Milky Way Galaxy to the edge of the dark matter halo of the Milky Way at <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />Script error: No such module "convert".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". from the center of the galaxy,Template:Efn are generally depleted in hydrogen gas compared to those that orbit more distantly. This is because of their interactions with the dense hot gas halo of the Milky Way that strip cold gas from the satellites. Satellites beyond that region still retain copious quantities of gas.[5][6]

List

The Milky Way's satellite galaxies include the following:[7][2]

Name Diameter (kpc) Distance
(kpc) 		Absolute visual magnitude Type Discovered
Large Magellanic Cloud 4 48.5 −18.1 SBm prehistoric
Antlia 2 2.9 130 −8.5 Irr? 2018
Sagittarius Dwarf 2.6 20 −13.5 E 1994
Crater II 2.2 117.5 −8.2 dSph 2016 [8]
Small Magellanic Cloud 2 61 −16.8 Irr prehistoric
Canes Venatici I 1.1 220 −8.6 dSph 2006
Canis Major Dwarf 1.5 8 −14.4 Irr 2003
Boötes III 1.0 46 −5.75 dSph? 2009
Sculptor Dwarf 0.8 90 −11.1 dE3 1937
Draco Dwarf 0.7 80 −8.8 dE0 1954
Hercules 0.7 135 −6.6 dSph 2006
Leo II 0.7 210 −9.8 dE0 1950
Fornax Dwarf 0.6 140 −13.4 dE2 1938
Eridanus II[9] 0.55 366 −7.1 dSph 2015 [10][11]
Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal 0.5 90 −9.3 dE3 1990
Carina Dwarf Spheroidal 0.5 100 −9.1 dE3 1977
Leo I 0.5 250 −12.0 dE3 1950
Ursa Minor Dwarf 0.4 60 −8.8 dE4 1954
Leo T 0.34 420 −8.0 dSph/dIrr 2006
Aquarius II 0.32 108 −4.2 dSph 2016 [12]
Boötes I 0.30 60 −6.3 dSph 2006
Canes Venatici II 0.30 155 −4.9 dSph 2006
Leo IV 0.30 160 −5.8 dSph 2006
Tucana IV 0.25 48 −3.5 dSph 2015 [13]
Columba I 0.21 182 −4.5 dSph 2015 [13]
Ursa Major II Dwarf 0.20 30 −4.25 dG D 2006
Grus II 0.19 53 −3.9 dSph 2015 [13]
Cetus III 0.18 251 −2.4 dSph? 2017 [14]
Coma Berenices 0.14 42 −4.1 dG D 2006
Hydra II 0.14 128 −4.8 dSph 2015 [15]
Reticulum III 0.13 92 −3.3 dSph 2015 [13]
Pisces II 0.12 180 −5.0 Sph 2010
Pegasus III 0.11 215 −3.4 dSph 2015 [16][17]
Hydrus I 0.10 28 −4.7 dSph 2018 [18]
Boötes II 0.10 42 −2.7 dSph 2007
Tucana III 0.09 25 −2.4 dSph 2015 [13]
Virgo I 0.09 91 −0.3 dSph 2016 [14]
Horologium II 0.09 78 −2.6 dSph 2015 [19]
Sagittarius II 0.08 67 −5.2 dSph 2015 [20]
Leo V 0.08 180 −5.2 dSph 2007
Triangulum II 0.07 30 −1.8 dSph 2015
Segue 2 0.07 35 −2.5 dSph 2007
Segue 1 0.06 23 −1.5 dSph 2007
Draco II 0.04 20 −2.9 dSph 2015 [20]
Tucana V 0.03 55 −1.6 dSph 2015 [13]
Cetus II 0.03 30 0.0 dSph? 2015 [13]
Reticulum II 0.064 30 −3.6 dSph 2015 [10][11]
Tucana II 0.33 70 −3.9 dSph 2015 [10][11]
Pisces Overdensity 1.5 80 −13 dSph? 2009
DES 1 0.02 82 −3.05 dSph? 2016 [21]
Eridanus III 0.028 90 −2.4 dSph?Template:Efn 2015 [10][11]
Horologium I 0.06 100 −3.5 dSph?Template:Efn 2015 [10][11]
Kim 2/Indus I 0.074 100 −3.5 GC/dSph 2015 [10][11]
Phoenix II 0.0521 100 −3.7 dSph?Template:Efn 2015 [10][11]
Ursa Major I Dwarf 0.64 100 −5.5 dG Sph 2005
Pictoris I 0.058 115 −3.7 dSph?Template:Efn 2015 [10][11]
Grus I 0.12 120 −3.4 dSph 2015 [10]
Pegasus IV 0.082 90 −4.25 dSph 2022[22]
Carina II 0.182 36 −4.5 dSph 2018 [23]
Carina III 0.06 28 −2.4 GC? 2018 [23]
Boötes IV 0.28 209 −4.53 dSph 2019 [24]
Centaurus I 0.076 116 −5.55 dSph 2020 [25]
Pictor II 0.046 46 −3.2 dSph 2016 [26]
Boötes V 0.0194 102 −3.2 dSph? 2022[27]
Leo Minor I 0.0896594412 82 −2.4 dSph 2022[27]
Virgo II 0.07 72 −1.6 dSph 2022[27]
Willman 1 0.02 38 −2.53 dSph 2018 [28]
Ursa Major III 0.003 10 +2.2 dSph 2023
Leo K 0.0087 434 −4.86 dSph 2024[29]
Leo M 0.009 459 −5.77 dSph 2024[29]
Sextans II 0.024? - - dSph 2024[30]
Virgo III 0.015 154[31] - dSph 2024[30]
Pegasus W 0.01 227 +1 dSph 2020
Eridanus IV 0.034 59.7 +0.2 dSph? 2021
Laevens 1 (Crater 1) 0.09 26.8 +0.8 dG D 2014
Leo VI 0.28 111 −3.56 dSph 2024[32]
Aquarius III 0.102 85 −2.5 dSph 2024[33]

Map with clickable regions

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Streams

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy is currently in the process of being consumed by the Milky Way and is expected to pass through it within the next 100 million years. The Sagittarius Stream is a stream of stars in polar orbit around the Milky Way leeched from the Sagittarius Dwarf. The Virgo Stellar Stream is a stream of stars that is believed to have once been an orbiting dwarf galaxy that has been completely distended by the Milky Way's gravity.

See also

Notes

Template:NotesTemplate:Notelist

References

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Further reading

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