List of Andromeda's satellite galaxies

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Template:Short description

File:Pic iroberts1.jpg
The Andromeda Galaxy with M110 at upper left and M32 to the right of the core

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) has satellite galaxies just like the Milky Way. Orbiting M31 are at least 35 dwarf galaxies:[1] the brightest and largest is M110, which can be seen with a basic telescope. The second-brightest and closest one to M31 is M32. The other galaxies are fainter, and were mostly discovered starting from the 1970s.

On January 11, 2006, it was announced that Andromeda Galaxy's faint companion galaxies lie on or close to a single plane running through the Andromeda Galaxy's center. This unexpected distribution is not obviously understood in the context of current models for galaxy formation. The plane of satellite galaxies points toward a nearby group of galaxies (M81 Group), possibly tracing the large-scale distribution of dark matter.

It is unknown whether the Triangulum Galaxy is a satellite of Andromeda.

Table of known satellites

Andromeda Galaxy's satellites are listed here by discovery (orbital distance is not known). Andromeda IV is not included in the list, as it was discovered to be roughly 10 times further than Andromeda from the Milky Way in 2014, and therefore a completely unrelated galaxy.

Andromeda Galaxy's satellites
Name Type Distance from Sun
(million ly) 		Right Ascension** Declination** Absolute Magnitude[2] Apparent magnitude Mass-to-light ratio 3D distance to M31 (kly) Year
discovered 		Notes
M32 dE2 2.48 Template:RA Template:DEC +8.1 1749
M110 dE6 2.69 Template:RA Template:DEC −16.5 +8.5 1773
NGC 185 dE5 2.01 Template:RA Template:DEC +10.1 1787
NGC 147 dE5 2.2 Template:RA Template:DEC +10.5 1829
Andromeda I dSph 2.43 Template:RA Template:DEC −11.8 +13.6 31 ± 6[2] 1970
Andromeda II*** dSph 2.13 Template:RA Template:DEC −12.6 +13.5 13 ± 3[2] 1970
Andromeda III dSph 2.44 Template:RA Template:DEC −10.2 +15.0 19 ± 12[2] 1970
Andromeda V dSph 2.52 Template:RA Template:DEC −9.6 +15.9 78 ± 50[3] 1998
Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal
(Andromeda VI) 		dSph 2.55 Template:RA Template:DEC −11.5 +14.2 12 ± 5[3] 1998
Cassiopeia Dwarf
(Andromeda VII) 		dSph 2.49 Template:RA Template:DEC −13.3 +12.9 7.1 ± 2.8[2] 1998
Andromeda VIII dSph 2.7 Template:RA Template:DEC +9.1 2003 Tidally disrupting; identification unclear
Andromeda IX dSph 2.5 Template:RA Template:DEC −8.3 +16.2 127.2 2004
Andromeda X dSph 2.9 Template:RA Template:DEC −8.1 +16.1 63 ± 40[2] 332.7 2005
Andromeda XI[4] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −7.3 2006
Andromeda XII[4] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −6.4 2006
Andromeda XIII[4] (Pisces III) dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −6.9 2006
Andromeda XIV[5] (Pisces IV) dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −8.3 102 ± 71[2] 2007
Andromeda XV[5] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −9.4 2007
Andromeda XVI[5] (Pisces V) dSph 2.143[6] Template:RA Template:DEC −9.2 580.6 2007
Andromeda XVII[5] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −8.5 313.1 2008
Andromeda XVIII[5] dSph/Sm Template:RA Template:DEC 515.3 2008
Andromeda XIX[5] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −9.3 2008
Andromeda XX[5] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −6.3 512.1 2008
Andromeda XXI[5] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −9.9 472.9 2009
Andromeda XXII[5] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −7.0 910 2009
Andromeda XXIII[5] dIrr Template:RA Template:DEC 427.3 2011
Andromeda XXIV[5] Template:RA Template:DEC 401.2 2011
Andromeda XXV[5] Template:RA Template:DEC 319.6 2011
Andromeda XXVI[5] Template:RA Template:DEC 489.2 2011
Andromeda XXVII[5] Template:RA Template:DEC 2011 Tidally disrupted[7]
Andromeda XXVIII[8] dSph Template:RA Template:DEC −8.8[9] 2011
Andromeda XXIX[8] dIrr Template:RA Template:DEC 636 2011
Andromeda XXX (Cassiopeia II)[10] dSph? Template:RA Template:DEC
Andromeda XXXI (Lacerta I)[10] dSph? Template:RA Template:DEC 2013
Andromeda XXXII (Cassiopeia III)[10] dSph? 2.74[11] Template:RA Template:DEC 508[11] 2013
Andromeda XXXIII (Perseus I)[10] dSph? 2.41[11] Template:RA Template:DEC 1,140[11] 2013
Tidal Stream Northwest
(Tidal Stream E and F)[12] 		Template:RA Template:DEC 2009
Tidal Stream Southwest[12] Template:RA Template:DEC 2009
Pegasus V galaxy (Peg V, Andromeda XXXIV) d Script error: No such module "convert". Template:RA±0.1 Template:DEC±3 −6.3 Script error: No such module "convert". 2022 [13][14][15]
Andromeda XXXV[16] 3.02 Template:RA Template:DEC -5.2 Script error: No such module "convert". 2025
Triangulum Galaxy*
(M33) 		SA(s)cd 2.59 Template:RA Template:DEC +6.27 750[17] 1654? Its relation to Andromeda is uncertain.

* It is uncertain whether it is a companion galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy.

** RA/DEC values marked in Italics are rough estimates.

*** Martin et al. (2009) gave aliases to several satellite galaxies of the Andromeda Galaxy that are located in Pisces.[18] However, the name Pisces II was later used for a different galaxy that is a satellite of the Milky Way,[19] so it is not used here.

See also

References

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  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Discovery of the Local Group Galaxies
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (reprinted in R&D Magazine)
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  10. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b New tidal streams found in Andromeda reveal history of galactic mergers
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Andromeda galaxy

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