Salwe

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File:-Mindon Min-2.JPG
Salwe on Mindon Min's shirt

Salwe (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".) are issues for Burmese orders. A salwe is a shoulder-belt formed with metal chains, normally fashioned in gold or silver, which are fastened in four places, in shields or bosses, and worn over the shoulder like an officer's sash.Template:Sfn

The Burmese monarchy used the salwe was purely secular, as it was used to recognize merit and service to the state.Template:Sfn

Etymology and origins

The Burmese language word salwe Script error: No such module "Lang". is a corruption of the Hindi term janeu (जनेऊ).Template:Sfn Janeu (also known as upanayana) in Hindi, refers to a sacred investiture or Brahminical cord found in the higher castes of Hindu society.Template:Sfn

It is of ancient Burmese origin.Template:Sfn The salwe is referenced in the Salwedin Sadan (Book of the Order), a Burmese text that states the number of salwe cords that members of each of the four Hindu varnas wore:

  1. Rulers (Khattiya) - 9 cordsTemplate:Sfn
  2. Ritualists (Brahmana) - 6 cordsTemplate:Sfn
  3. Merchants (Vessa) - 1-3 cordsTemplate:Sfn
  4. Commoners (Sudda) - noneTemplate:Sfn

Usage

File:National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka - National costume of Burma - Mandalay, Burma.jpg
Salwe as seen at the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka

The number of strands or threads indicate rank in the order.Template:Sfn The salwe was worn as a symbol of high character, to maintain the purity of character of one's family or caste.Template:Sfn

During the Konbaung Dynasty, high-ranking ministers with immunity from various forms of execution (thetdawshay) also wore salwe of 18 strands.Template:Sfn The following is a list of Konbaung-era grades and corresponding number of salwe strands conferred:

Grades during the Konbaung dynastyTemplate:Sfn
Grade Number of strands
King 24
Crown Prince 21
Shan Sawbwas, Princes of the Blood 18
Shan Myosas, other Royal Family Members 15
High-ranking Ministers (Mugyi, Matgyi) 12
Lower-ranking Ministers (Mulat, Matlat, Mu-nge, Matnge) 3-9

Current usage

The following salwes are currently issued by the Government of Burma:

References

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