Richmond Shipyards

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Use mdy dates Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The four Richmond Shipyards, in the city of Richmond, California, United States, were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards. In World War II, Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard, turning out as many as three ships in a single day. The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park, whose Rosie the Riveter memorial honors the shipyard workers. Shipyard #3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a California Historical Landmark # 1032.

History

Henry J. Kaiser had been building cargo ships for the U.S. Maritime Commission in the late 1930s. When he received orders for ships from the British government, already at war with Nazi Germany, Kaiser established his first Richmond shipyard in December 1940. The shipyard legacy continues by virtue of its innovative medical care, which was derived from Kaiser's earlier California Colorado Aqueduct Project insurance and today called Kaiser Permanente.

The four Richmond Kaiser Shipyards built 747 ships in World War II, a rate never equaled.[1] Compared to the average ship built elsewhere, Richmond ships were completed in two-thirds the time and at a quarter of the cost. The Liberty ship Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". was assembled in less than five days as a part of a competition among shipyards. By 1944, the yard routinely needed only a bit more than two weeks to assemble a Liberty ship.[1] By the end of the war the Richmond Shipyards had built $1.8 billion worth of ships.[2]

File:Wendy Welder Richmond Shipyards.jpg
A "Wendy the Welder" at the shipyard

Kaiser and his workers applied mass assembly line techniques to building the ships. This production line technique, bringing pre-made parts together, moving them into place with huge cranes and having them welded together by "Rosies" (actually "Wendy the Welders" here in the shipyards), allowed unskilled laborers to do repetitive jobs requiring relatively little training to accomplish. This sped up construction, allowed more workers to be mobilized, and opened jobs to women and minorities.[1]

In the war, thousands of men and women worked in this area in hazardous jobs. Actively recruited by Kaiser, they came from all over the United States to swell the population of Richmond from 20,000 to over 100,000 in three years. For many of them, this was the first time they worked, earned money, and faced the problems of working parents: finding day care and housing.

Women and minorities entered the workforce in areas previously denied to them. However, they still faced unequal pay, were shunted off into "auxiliary" unions and still had to deal with prejudice and inequities.[3] In the war, labor strikes and sit-down work stoppages eventually led to better conditions.[1]

Many workers commuted from other parts of the Bay Area to the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond on the Shipyard Railway, a temporary wartime railway whose trains used cars of the local Key System and whose line extended from a depot in Emeryville to a loop serving all four shipyards.[4]

The SS Red Oak Victory is docked nearby Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard.

Kaiser Richmond shipyards

File:12-3-1 Permanente-Nos1-4-25.jpg
Richmond shipyards 1–4 in 1944

For World War 2 Kaiser opened four shipyards along the northeast shoreline of San Francisco Bay, each using prefabricated parts to build ships. Prefabricated subcontractors included: Graham Ship Repair Company, Herrick Iron Works, Independent Iron Works, Berkeley's Trailer Company of America, Steel Tank & Pipe Company, California Steel Products Corporation, Pacific Coast Engineering in Alameda and Clyde W. Wood in Stockton.[5][6]

Kaiser Richmond No. 1 Yard

File:Ocean Traveller LOC fsa.8b07487.jpg
Ocean Traveller launched August, 1942

Kaiser Richmond No. 1 Yard was a new shipyard built to support the demand for ships for World War 2. Kaiser purchased the contact and the yard to build type Ocean ship from the Todd Shipyards in 1940. Kaiser built yard No. 1 to build the Ocean ships. Yard No. 1 was built on unoccupied land with construction starting in December 1940. In April 1941 the keel for the first British bound Ocean ship was laid. The next series of ships built were Liberty ships, with the first keel laid on May 15, 1942. Needing faster cargo ships the next series of ships built were Victory ships, with the first keel laid on January 17, 1944. After the war, in 1946, the yard closed. Kaiser Richmond No. 1 Yard was at 700 Wright Ave, Richmond on the Parr Canal. The site now has general docks for construction supplies. Located at GPS Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[7][8]

Built at Kaiser Richmond No. 1 Yard:

  • Ocean ship, 30 cargo ships, 7,174 GRT. (sometimes credited to Todd Shipyards Corporation)
  • Liberty ship, 138 model EC2-S-C1 ships, 7,176 GRT.
  • Victory ship, 82 Model VC2-S-AP3 ships, 7,612 GRT.

Notable ships: Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"..

Kaiser Richmond No. 2 Yard

File:USS Noble APA-218.jpg
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Haskell-class attack

Kaiser Richmond No. 2 Yard started as a joint project of Kaiser Permanente Metals Corporation and Todd Shipyards Corporation. Construction of its first Liberty Ship at the site started in September 1941. Permanente Metals was a subcontractor building many of the pre-fabricated parts of the ships. Kaiser purchased Todd's interest in the yard in 1942 and renamed it Kaiser Richmond No. 2 Yard. The yard started by working 6 keels at a time and at its peak was working on 12 keels a day. Most ships being built in under 30 days. The yard was built starting in 1941 and closed at the end of the war in 1945, no traces of yard No. 2 remain. The yard was at 1923 Esplanade Drive, Richmond. The site is now the north side of the Inner Harbour Basin, in the Richmond Marina Bay, at Marina Bay Park. At the park is the Rosie the Riveter Memorial. GPS site is Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[9][10]

Built at Kaiser Richmond No. 2 Yard:

Notable ships: Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"..

Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard

File:USNS General C.G. Morton (T-AP-138) passing under the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco, California (USA), in the 1950s.jpg
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". a C4 Cargo ship under the Golden Gate Bridge

Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard opened in 1943 and built Kaiser's largest ships, the Type C4-class ship, General G. O. Squier-class transport ships. These ships had a 12,420 GRT with a length of 523 feet (159 m). While the yard closed at the end of the war in 1946 the shipyard was not taken apart. The shipyard is still intact and there have been unsuccessful attempts to reopen the yard. Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard is at 1040 Canal Boulevard, Richmond at Point Potrero. At 1337 Canal Boulevard Berth 5, Richmond is the SS Red Oak Victory Cargo ship a Museum ship. Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard thus became the U.S. National Register of Historic Place and California Historical Landmark. At GPS Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[11]

Built at Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard:

Notable ships: Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"..

Kaiser Richmond No. 4 Yard

File:USS LST-486 San Clemente 9 January 1944.jpg
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". training at San Clemente January 9, 1944
File:USS Peoria (PF-67) off Charleston, South Carolina (USA), circa in June 1945 (19-N-84718).jpg
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". Tacoma-class frigate
File:USS Alcona (AK-157).jpg
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". C1 Cargo ship
File:RedOakVictory-2013-07-20.jpg
Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". at Kaiser Richmond No. 3 Yard

Kaiser Richmond No. 4 Yard was planned to be called Richmond #3A Yard, as just an expansion of Richmond #3. But when opened became its own shipyard with separate management. The yard opened in 1943 and closed at the end of the war in 1945. The yard was at 800 Wharf Street Richmond, on the south side of Richmond Inner Harbor Channel's Santa Fe Channel. The site now is Sugar Dock, a deepwater service port in Point Richmond. At GPS Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[12][13]

Built at Kaiser Richmond No. 4 Yard:

Notable ships: Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". and Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"..

File:RichmondShipyard3 1944.jpg
Richmond Shipyard # 3 in 1944

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Arroyo, Cuahutémoc (Faculty Mentor: Professor Leon F. Litwack). "Jim Crow" Shipyards: Black Labor and Race Relations in East Bay Shipyards During World War II. The Berkeley McNair Journal, The UC Berkeley McNair Scholars Program. - Accessed from Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia at Ferris State University on August 24, 2007
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Ocean ships Template:Liberty ships Template:Victory ships Template:Victory ship cargo ship classes Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Template:LST-1 class tank landing ship Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Template:Type C1-M ships

Template:MARCOMships Template:WWII US ships Template:Kaiser, Permanente Metals, Richmond Shipyards Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:San Francisco Bay watershed Template:Henry J. Kaiser

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Richmond_Shipyards&oldid=4460711"