Haskell-class attack transport

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Haskell-class attack transports (APA) were amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy created in 1944. They were designed to transport 1,500 troops and their combat equipment, and land them on hostile shores with the ships' integral landing craft.

The Haskells were very active in the World War II Pacific Theater of Operations, landing Marines and Army troops and transporting casualties at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Ships of the class were among the first Allied ships to enter Tokyo Bay at the end of World War II, landing the first occupation troops at Yokosuka. After the end of World War II, most participated in Operation Magic Carpet, the massive sealift of US personnel back to the United States. A few of the Haskell class were reactivated for the Korean War, with some staying in service into the Vietnam War.

The Haskell class, Maritime Commission standard type VC2-S-AP5, is a sub‑type of the World War II Victory ship design. 117 were launched in 1944 and 1945, with 14 more being finished as another VC2 type or canceled. Built by the War Shipping Administration under the Emergency Shipbuilding program. The class was named for the Haskell Counties of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Design

The VC2-S-AP5 design was intended for the transport and assault landing of over 1,500 troops and their heavy combat equipment. During Operation Magic Carpet, up to 1,900 personnel per ship were carried homeward.[Note 1]

The Haskells carried 25 landing craft to deliver the troops and equipment right onto the beach. The 23 main boats were the Template:Convert-long LCVP. The LCVP was designed to carry 36 equipped troops. The other two landing craft were the Template:Convert-long LCM (3), capable of carrying 60 troops or 30 tons (27 t) of cargo, or the Template:Convert LCM (6).[1] They also carried one gig.

The Haskell-class ships were armed with one 5"/38 caliber gun, twelve Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns (one quad mount, four dual mounts), and ten Oerlikon 20 mm guns.

Ships of the Haskell class

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File:USS St Mary's APA-126.jpg
Template:USS in San Francisco Bay, California, in late 1945 or early 1946. She is returning troops from the western Pacific to the United States as part of Operation Magic Carpet. Note the long homeward bound pennant trailing from her after mast, and the sign on shore (in the right distance) stating "Welcome Home, Well Done."

Haskell-class attack transports included APA-117, Template:USS, the lead ship, through APA-247, the never completed USS Mecklenburg. The hulls for APA-181 through APA-186 were repurposed to be hospital ships before they were named. Ultimately those hospital ships were built on larger C4 plan and the six VC2 hulls were built in a merchant configuration.[2] APA-240 through APA-247 were named, but cancelled in 1945 when the war ended. With the special exception of Template:USS, the Haskell-class ships were all named after counties of the United States.

Fate

Most of the Haskell-class ships were mothballed in 1946, with only a few remaining in service. Many of the Haskell class were scrapped in 1973–75.[3] A few were converted into Missile Range Instrumentation Ships.

  • Template:USS, the last remaining ship in the Haskell configuration, was scrapped in 2009 at ESCO Marine, in Brownsville, Tx.[4]
  • Template:USS, which was converted and renamed Template:USS, lasted until she was scrapped in 2012.
  • SS Rutland Victory was sold to a private company and sank on 13 February 1976 600 miles East of Tokyo, Japan.
File:Rutland lowers LCM.jpg
Template:USS lowering an LCM off Iwo Jima in 1945

Notable incidents

  • Template:USS had Kamikaze attack damage on 1 April 1945 at Okinawa. Over 15 men were killed. The extensive engine room damage was later repaired.
  • Template:USS on 2 April 1945 was hit by kamikaze attack, the plane hit the side of the ship then dropped into the sea. She was later repaired.
  • Template:USS on 13 August 1945 damaged in last kamikaze attack of WW2, 21 sailors killed and 89 wounded.
  • Template:USS had mine damage on 17 September 1945, off Okinawa, this caused the death of three men and damaged the ship extensively.

In fiction

The 1956 movie Away All Boats presents operations on an attack transport. It was based on a popular novel of the same name, written by an officer who served on one during World War 2.[5]

The opening chapters of the novel "Cinderella Liberty" were set on the APA USS Begonia.

See also

Notes

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Citations

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References

External links

Template:Haskell class attack transport Template:Kaiser Vancouver Shipyard Template:California Shipbuilding Corporation, Los Angeles Shipyards Template:Victory ships Template:WWII US ships Template:MARCOMships


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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ AWAY ALL BOATS
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