Pouteria sapota

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Pouteria sapota, the mamey sapote, is a species of tree native to southern Mexico and Central America. It is now cultivated throughout Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, as well as Florida and parts of South America. Its fruit is eaten raw in many Latin American countries, and is added to smoothies, milkshakes, ice cream, and other foods.

Some of its names in Latin American countries, such as Script error: No such module "Lang". (Cuba), Script error: No such module "Lang". (Costa Rica) and Script error: No such module "Lang". (South America), refer to the reddish colour of its flesh to distinguish it from the unrelated but similar-looking Mammea americana, whose fruit is usually called "yellow mamey" (Template:Langx).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Description

Mamey sapote is a large and highly ornamental evergreen tree that can reach a height of Template:Convert at maturity.[1]

The fruit, botanically a berry,[2] is about Template:Convert long and Template:Convert wide and has flesh ranging in color from pink to orange to red. The brown skin has a texture somewhat between sandpaper and the fuzz on a peach.[3] The fruit's texture is creamy and soft, and the flavor is a mix of sweet potato, pumpkin, honey, prune, peach, apricot, cantaloupe, cherry, and almond.[4][5][6] A mamey sapote is ripe when the flesh is vibrant salmon in color when a fleck of the skin is removed.[7] The flesh should give slightly, as with an overripe avocado. The leaves are pointed at both ends, 4 to 12 inches in length, and grow in clusters at the ends of branches.[8]

The mamey sapote is related to other sapotes such as sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), abiu (P. caimito), and canistel (P. campechiana), but unrelated to the black sapote (Diospyros digyna)[9] and white sapote (Casimiroa edulis).[10][11][12]

Distribution

The native range probably extends from the southern Mexican states of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas through Nicaragua, Belize, and northern Honduras.[13] This is uncertain, however, because the tree was already widely cultivated in the tropical Americas prior to European colonization.[14] Today, it is cultivated in most Mexican states, many Caribbean islands, and tropical continental America from Florida to Brazil. The first record of cultivation in south Florida dates to the 1880s.[15] It has also been introduced to the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam.[16]

Cultivation

It prefers smooth sandy, deep, clay and fertile soils, with pH of 5.5 to 6.5. The species does not tolerate low temperatures, prolonged periods of drought, or soils with bad drainage or where the water table is very high.[14]

It is mainly propagated by grafting, which ensures the new plant has the same characteristics as the parent, especially its fruit, as it does not grow true to seed. It is also considerably faster than growing trees by seed, producing fruit in 3–5 years; trees grown from seed require 7 years of growth before fruiting.[17] Seeds lose viability within a month of harvest, so should be sown immediately.[14]

Pouteria sapota trees are quite productive fruiters. A typical mature tree may produce 200-500 fruits per year, while vigorous established trees may produce more than twice this amount.[15] The 2017 production average for Mexican growers was 12.4 tons/hectare.[18]

In Florida, the fruit is harvested from May to July with some cultivars available all year.[19][20]

Pests and diseases

Pouteria sapota is not often troubled by significant insect damage. The Cuban May beetle (Phyllophaga bruneri) and the sugarcane rootstalk borer (Diaprepes abbreviatus), along with various species of scale and spider mites are known to attack the plant, but rarely is the infestation significant.[14]

Oviposition by fruit flies onto the fruit can cause damage to the pulp. The most important species in this respect is Anastrepha serpentine, known as the sapote fly, specializing in Sapotaceae plants.

Uses

The fruit is eaten raw or made into milkshakes, smoothies, ice cream, and Script error: No such module "Lang".. It can be used to produce marmalade and jelly.[21] Some beauty products use oil pressed from the seed,[22] otherwise known as sapayul oil.[23]

Nutrition

File:Sok od mameya.jpg
Mamey agua fresca served in Mérida, Yucatán

The fruit is an excellent source of vitamins B6 and C, and is a good source of riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E, manganese, potassium, and dietary fiber. Research has identified several new carotenoids from the ripe fruit.[24][25]

Synonyms

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See also

References

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External links

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  1. ↑ Morton, Julia 1987. Sapote. p. 398–402. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. at Center for New Crops & Plant Products, at Purdue University
  2. ↑ Mamey Sapote - CooksInfo.com
  3. ↑ The Tropical Fruit Growers present - Mamey Sapote
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Mamey – A Tropical Miami Fruit That Should Become Mainstream - Forbes
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Fruit of the Month: Mamey Sapote
  8. ↑ Introducing the mamey | Alain Dubernard | Restaurant Business
  9. ↑ Good Enough To Eat: Soft fruits: The names and tastes vary - Seattle Post-Intelligencer
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Florida Crop/Pest Management Profile: Mamey Sapote and Sapodilla
  12. ↑ MAMEY SAPOTE (Pouteria sapote) - fruitipedia
  13. ↑ Ricker. 2001. Manejo y evaluación económica de una especie arbórea de la selva tropical: El Mamey (Pouteria sapota). En: B. Rendón Aguilar, S. Rebollar Domínguez, J. Caballero Nieto y M. A. Martínez Alfaro (eds). Plantas, Cultura y Sociedad. Estudio sobre la relación entre seres humanos y plantas en los albores del siglo XXI. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. México. pp. 287-307.
  14. ↑ a b c d Cordero J. y Boshier D.H. 2003. Árboles de Centroamérica un Manual para extensionistas. Oxford Forestry Institute (OFI). Centro Agronómico, Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE). Pp. 1079.
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Oyen, L. P. A. 1991. Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H. E. Moore & Stearn. Páginas 259-262 en E. W. M. Verheij y R. E. Coronel, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia 2: Edible Fruits and Nuts, Pudoc-DLO, Wageningen, Países Bajos.
  17. ↑ CULTIVATION OF MAMEY SAPOTE AND GREEN SAPOTE - The Rare Fruit Council of Australia
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Mamey Sapote - Melissa's Produce
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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