List of political parties in the Netherlands

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This article lists political parties in the Netherlands. The country has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, and any one party has little chance of gaining power alone; parties work with each other to form coalition governments.

The lower house of the legislature, the House of Representatives, is elected by a national party-list system of proportional representation. There is a legal threshold of 1/150 for getting a seat, so a party can win a seat only with at least two-thirds percent (0,67%) of the national vote, roughly one seat for every 67,000 votes.

The first national political party was the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), founded in 1879.[1]

No party has come close to winning a majority of seats since the introduction of proportional representation in 1918.[2] All governments since then have been coalitions between two or more parties. However, there is a broad consensus on the basic principles of the political system, with all parties having to adjust their goals to some extent in order to have a realistic chance at being part of the government.

National political parties

Parties represented in the States General and/or European Parliament

Template:Sticky headerTemplate:Sort under

Political party Main ideology Position Leader Affiliation Seats Template:Refh
Eur. EP group Intl. Senators House reps. MEPs
style="background:Template:Party color;" | D66 File:D66 logo (2019–present).svg Democrats 66
Democraten 66Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Social liberalism Centre Rob Jetten ALDE RE LI Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [3][4]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | PVV Party for Freedom
Partij voor de VrijheidScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right Geert Wilders ID PfE — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [5][6][7][8]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | VVD File:VVD logo (2020–present).svg People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en DemocratieScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Conservative liberalism Centre-right Dilan Yeşilgöz ALDE RE LI Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [4][3][9]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | PvdA File:PvdA Logo small.svg Labour Party
Partij van de ArbeidScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Social democracy Centre-left Jesse Klaver PES S&D PA Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar Template:Composition bar [10][11]
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" | GL File:GroenLinks logo (1994–present).svg GreenLeft
GroenLinksScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Green politics Centre-left EGP Greens–EFA GG Template:Composition bar [11]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | CDA File:CDA logo 2021.svg Christian Democratic Appeal
Christen-Democratisch AppèlScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Christian democracy Centre-right Henri Bontenbal EPP EPP CDI Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [12][13][14][15]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | JA21 File:JA21 logo.svg Right Answer 2021
Juiste Antwoord 2021Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right Joost Eerdmans ECR ECR — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data —
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" | FvD File:FvD.png Forum for Democracy
Forum voor DemocratieScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		National conservatism Far-right Thierry Baudet ESN — — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [16][17][18]
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" | BBB File:BoerBurgerBeweging logo.svg Farmer–Citizen Movement
BoerBurgerBewegingScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Agrarianism Right-wing Caroline van der Plas — EPP — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data —
style="background:Template:Party color;" | CU File:ChristenUnie.svg Christian Union
ChristenUnieScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Christian democracy Centre Mirjam Bikker ECPM — — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [10][11][19][20]
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" height="40px" | DENK File:DENK logo (2020–present).svg DENK Minority interests Centre-left Stephan van Baarle — — — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [21][22]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | PvdD File:Party for the Animals logo.svg Party for the Animals
Partij voor de DierenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Animal welfare Left-wing Esther Ouwehand APEU The Left — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [23]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | SGP File:SGP logo (2016–present).svg Reformed Political Party
Staatkundig Gereformeerde PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Christian right Right-wing Chris Stoffer ECPM ECR — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [10][11][24]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | SP File:Socialistische Partij (nl 2006) Logo.svg Socialist Party
Socialistische PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Democratic socialism Left-wing Jimmy Dijk — — — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [25][26][27][28]
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" | 50+ File:50PLUS (nl) Logo.svg 50PLUS Pensioners' interests Centre Jan Struijs EDP — — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [10][3][4][23]
style="background-color:Template:Party color;" | Volt File:Logo of Volt.svg Volt Netherlands
Volt NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		European federalism Centre Laurens Dassen Volt Greens–EFA — Template:Political party data Template:Political party data Template:Political party data [29]
OPNL File:Onafhankelijke Politiek Nederland logo.png Independent Politics Netherlands
Onafhankelijke Politiek NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Regionalism Auke van der Goot EFA — — Template:Political party data — — —

Parties without representation in the States General and/or European Parliament

Party Main ideology Position Leader Affiliation Ref.
European International
BIJ1 File:BIJ1 logo.svg BIJ1 Anti-capitalism Left-wing to far-left Tofik Dibi — — —
CO File:Code Oranje logo.svg Code Orange
Code OranjeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Direct democracy Syncretic Template:Ill — — —
NVU Dutch People's Union
Nederlandse Volks-UnieScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Ethnic nationalism Far-right Constant Kusters — — —
OPA Elderly Politically Active
Ouderen Politiek ActiefScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Pensioners' interests Single-issue politics Vacant — — —
GOUD File:GOUD logo.svg GOUD
Pensioners' interests Centre Vacant — — —
HVV File:Logo Lijst30.svg Heart for Freedom
Hart voor VrijheidScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Antivax Syncretic Vacant — — —
style="background:Template:Party color;" | LHK File:Lijst Henk Krol logo.svg Henk Krol List
Lijst Henk KrolScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Progressive conservatism Centre-right Vacant — — —
style="background:Template:Party color;" | BVNL File:BVNL logo (2023–present).svg Interest of the Netherlands
Belang van NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Classical liberalism Right-wing — — — —
JL File:Jezus Leeft logo.svg Jesus Lives
Jezus LeeftScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Evangelism Right-wing Florens van der Spek — — —
LEF File:LEF.png LEF – For the New Generation
LEF – Voor de Nieuwe GeneratieScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Youth politics — Daniël van Duijn — — —
LibDem File:Liberaal Democratische Partij Logo.svg Liberal Democratic Party
Liberaal Democratische PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Social liberalism Centre Sammy van Tuyll — — —
LP File:Libertarischepartij.svg Libertarian Party
Libertaire PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Right-libertarianism Right-wing Tom van Lamoen EPIL LI [30]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | MDD File:Meer Directe Democratie logo.svg More Direct Democracy
Meer Directe Democratie Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Direct democracy Centre-right Dorien Rookmaker EAFD — —
NCPN File:Logo - Nieuwe Communistische Partij van Nederland (2022).svg New Communist Party of the Netherlands
Nieuwe Communistische Partij van NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Marxism–Leninism Far-left Rinze Visser — IMCWP —
NLB File:Logo of the NLBeter.svg NLBeter Public sector interests Centre Template:Ill — — —
NLPlan File:Netherlands with a PLAN logo.webp Netherlands with a Plan
Nederland met een PLANScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Participatory democracy Centre Kok Kuen Chan — — —
PSP File:Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92 logo.svg Pacifist Socialist Party '92
Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij '92Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Pacifist socialism Left-wing Vacant — — —
PvdR File:Logo of Partij voor de Republiek.png Party for the Republic
Partij voor de RepubliekScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Republicanism Centre Bruno Braakhuis — — —
PvdS File:PartijvdSport logo.png Party for Sports
PartijvdSportScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Health promotion Centre Annemarie van Duivenboden — — —
PDNM Party The New Human
Partij De Nieuwe MensScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Spiritual left Centre-left Niraï Melis &
Raishrie Gajadin 		— — [31]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | PPNL File:Piratpartiet.svg Pirate Party
PiratenpartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Pirate politics Syncretic Mark van Treuren[32] PPEU PPI [33]
style="background:Template:Party color;" | PPvB File:Logo Politieke Partij voor Basisinkomen.png Political Party for Basic Income
Politieke Partij voor BasisinkomenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Universal basic income Single-issue politics Sepp Hannen — — —
TON File:TROTS.svg Proud of the Netherlands
Trots op NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Conservative liberalism Right-wing Sander van den Raadt — — —
RSP File:Revolutionair Socialistische Partij logo 2025 (red, without text).png Revolutionary Socialist Party
Revolutionair Socialistische PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Socialism Far-left Gwildor Sok — — —
SPL Splinter Secularism — Femke Merel van Kooten — — —
DG File:De Groenen logo.svg The Greens
De GroenenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Green politics Centre-left Mark van Treuren[32] — — —
DFP File:Partij van de Toekomst logo.svg The Party Party
De FeestpartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Joke Party Syncretic Johan Vlemmix — — —
SvN Together for the Netherlands
Samen voor NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Right-wing populism Far-right Michel Reijinga — — —
UCF Ubuntu Connected Front Ubuntuism Centre-left Regillio Vaarnold — — —
VCP File:VCP logo.svg United Communist Party
Verenigde Communistische PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Communism Far-left Engel Modderman — — —
VDR vandeRegio Regionalism Centre Sent Wierda EFA — —

Regional and local political parties

European Netherlands

Regional parties

Political party Active in Seats in the
prov. council 		European
affiliation
FNP File:FNP logo.png Frisian National Party
Fryske Nasjonale PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Frisian flag.svg Friesland Template:Composition bar EFA
GB File:Groninger Belang logo 01.png Groninger Interest
Groninger BelangScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Flag of Groningen.svg Groningen Template:Composition bar —
LB File:Lokaal Brabant logo.png Local Brabant
Lokaal BrabantScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:North Brabant-Flag.svg North Brabant Template:Composition bar —
LL File:Lokaal-Limburg logo.png Local Limburg
Lokaal-LimburgScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Flag of Limburg.svg Limburg Template:Composition bar —
PvhN Party for the North
Partij voor het NoordenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Flag of Groningen.svg Groningen
File:Frisian flag.svg Friesland
File:Flag of Drenthe.svg Drenthe 		Groningen:
Template:Composition bar 		—
PvZ File:Partij voor Zeeland logo.png Party for Zeeland
Partij voor ZeelandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Flag of Zeeland.svg Zeeland Template:Composition bar —
PBF File:Provinciaal Belang Fryslân logo.png Template:Ill
Provinciaal Belang FryslânScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Frisian flag.svg Friesland Template:Composition bar —
SLD File:Sterk Lokaal Drenthe logo.jpg Strong Local Drenthe
Sterk Lokaal DrentheScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Flag of Drenthe.svg Drenthe Template:Composition bar —
SLF File:Sterk Lokaal Flevoland logo.jpg Template:Ill
Sterk Lokaal FlevolandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		File:Flag of Flevoland.svg Flevoland Template:Composition bar —

Local parties

Party Main ideology Position
Forza! File:Forza! Nederland.svg Forza! Netherlands
Forza! NederlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Right-wing populism Right-wing
HvDH Template:Ill
Hart voor Den Haag/Groep de MosScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Conservative liberalism Right-wing
LR File:LeefbaarRotterdam.jpg Livable Rotterdam
Leefbaar RotterdamScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Fortuynism Right-wing
VSP File:Verenigde Senioren Partij.svg List of United Seniors Party candidates in the 2006 Dutch general election
Verenigde Senioren PartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Pensioners' interests Single-issue politics

Water board parties

Political party Main ideology Position
style="background:Template:Party color;" | AWP File:AWP logo 2022.png General Water Board Party
Algemene WaterschapspartijScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		Apoliticism Syncretic
style="background:Template:Party color;" height="40px" | WN File:Water natuurlijk logo.jpg Water Natuurlijk Green politics Centre-left

Defunct political parties

Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

File:Evolution of Dutch political parties since 1888.svg
History and evolution of all Dutch political parties to ever have had seats in the House of Representatives.

Template:Table alignment

List of parties that have participated in elections for the House or European Parliament since 1918.
Party Ideology Start End Max
vote
share 		Template:Refh
Actie Bouwman 1934 1940 0.57 [34]
General Elderly Alliance
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1993 3.63
General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1904 1926 30.03
Article 50
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		2012 2015 0.51
General Dutch Fascist League
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		Fascism 1932 1934
Anti-Revolutionary Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1879 1980 [1]
Workers Party of the Netherlands
Script error: No such module "Lang".
Farmers' Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1958 1981 4.77
League of Christian Socialists
Script error: No such module "Lang".
League of Free Liberals
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1906 1921
Centre Democrats
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1984 2002 2.46
Centre Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1980 1986 0.83
Centre Party '86
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1986 1998 0.4
Christian Democratic Party
Script error: No such module "Lang".
Christian Democratic Union
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1926 1946 2.09
Christian Historical Union
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1908 1980
Christian Social Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1907 1926
Christian Historical Voters' League
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1897 1903
Christian Historical Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1903 1908
Communist Party of the Netherlands
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1901 1991 10.56
Democratic Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1921 1932
Democratic Socialists '70
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1970 1983 5.33
Economic League
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1917 1921 3.11
Entrepreneurs' Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		2015 2019 0.12
Europe Transparent
Evangelical People's Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1981 1991 0.69
Fatherland League
List of Free and Social Netherlands candidates in the 2021 Dutch general election
Frisian League
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1898 1908
Reformed Political League
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1948 2003 1.77
Script error: No such module "Lang". 1921 1946 1.06
Independent Socialist Party
Islam Democrats
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		2005 0.0 [35]
Catholic National Party 2.71
Catholic People's Party 1945 1980 31.88
Communist Workers Organisation (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist)
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		Communism 1964 1985 0.03
Independent Citizens' Party
Livable Netherlands
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1999 2007 1.61
Liberal State Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1921 1946 9.26
Liberal Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1922 1925
Liberal Union 1885 1921
Pim Fortuyn List
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		2002 2008 17.00
Ratelband List
Middle Party for City and Country
Middle Class Party
National Socialist Dutch Workers Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		National socialism 1931 1941 0.02
National Socialist Movement
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		Fascism 1931 1945 4.22
Dutch Block
New Middle Party
Neutral Party
New National Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1998 2005
New Right
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		2003 2007
NIDA
New Ways
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		0.14
Pacifist Socialist Party 1957 1991 3.03
Party of the Future 2021
Party for Neighbourly Love, Freedom and Diversity 2006, 2020 2010, 2022
Freedom Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1946 1948 6.41
Party for Justice, Action and Progress
Peasants' League
Political Party of Radicals
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1968 1990 4.80
Progressive Integration Party
Radical League
Reformatory Political Federation 1975 2003
Roman Catholic Party of the Netherlands 0.92
Roman Catholic State Party 1926 1945 29.64
Social Democratic Workers' Party 1894 1946 23.81
Social Democratic League
Socialist Party
Union 55+
Alliance to Democratise the Forces 0.51
League of Communists in the Netherlands
Alliance for National Reconstruction
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1933 1941 0.8
VoorNederland 2014 2017 0.36
Free-minded Party
Free-thinking Democratic League
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1901 1946 9.06
Free Anti Revolutionary Party
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		1898 1903
Union of Actualists
Script error: No such module "Lang". 		Actualism 1923 1928 [36]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1412 Template:ISBN
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Merijn Oudenampsen (2013). "Template:Trim&pg=PA191 Explaining the Swing to the Right: The Dutch Debate on the Rise of Right-Wing Populism". In Ruth Wodak, Majid KhosraviNik, Brigitte Mral. Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse. A&C Black. p. 191.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  10. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ "Contemporary Far Left Parties in Europe", published November 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2016: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/ipa/05818.pdf
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ a b Lead candidate of the joint list Pirate Party and The Greens at the 2023 general election.
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:List of political parties in Europe Template:Netherlands topics

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