Patiala and East Punjab States Union

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The Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) was a State of India, uniting eight princely states between 1948 and 1956. The capital and principal city was Patiala. The state covered an area of 26,208 km2. Kasauli, Kandaghat and Chail was also part of PEPSU.

History

Princely states union

It was created by combining eight princely states (7 Punjab States & 1 Punjab Hill State), which maintained their native rulers :

Six Salute states
  • Patiala, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 17 guns (19-guns local)
  • Jind, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13 guns (15-guns personal and local)
  • Kapurthala, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13 guns (15-guns personal and local)
  • Nabha, title Maharaja, Hereditary salute of 13 guns (15-guns local):
  • Faridkot, title Raja, Hereditary salutes of 11 guns
  • Malerkotla, title Nawab, Hereditary salute of 11 guns
and two Non-salute states
  • Kalsia, title Raja (till 1916 Sardar)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • Nalagarh, title Raja.

The state was inaugurated on 15 July 1948 and formally became a state of India in 1950.

Successor states

File:Punjab 1951-66.svg
PEPSU state in East Punjab

On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly into Punjab State under the States Reorganisation Act.[1]

A part of the former state of PEPSU, including the present day Jind district (Jind & Narwana), area of Pinjore in north Haryana, as well as the Charkhi Dadri, Bawal and Mahendragarh Narnaul in south-west Haryana, presently lie within the state of Haryana, which was separated from Punjab on 1 November 1966. Some other areas that belonged to PEPSU, notably (Kandaghat etc.) Solan and Nalagarh, now lie in the state of Himachal Pradesh.

Rajpramukh and Uparajpramukh

S. no. Rajpramukh Portrait Tenure Uparajpramukh Portrait Appointed by
1 Yadavindra Singh File:Yadvinder Singh Mahendra Bahadur (1971).jpg 15 July 1948 1 November 1956 Template:Age in years and days Jagatjit Singh File:Maharaja de kapurthala jagatjit singh.jpg C. Rajagopalachari

Chief Ministers

Color key

Other keys

  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>d Died in Office
  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>pd Position Dissolved
  • <templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>R Resigned
  • <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
      Acting Chief Minister


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Term of office Time in office Party
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(Election) 		Appointed by
(Rajpramukh)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Took office Left office
Interim Government (1948–1949)
- File:Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png Gian Singh Rarewala
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( – )Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
(Acting)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		15 July 1948 13 January 1949 Template:Ayd IND Interim Government Yadavindra Singh
Premier (1949-1952)
1 File:Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png Gian Singh Rarewala
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( – )Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		13 January 1949 23 May 1951<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[R] Template:Ayd IND Not Yet Created Yadavindra Singh
2 bgcolor=Template:Party color| File:Col. Raghbir Singh.jpg Raghbir Singh
(1895-1955)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
( – )Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		23 May 1951 21 April 1952 Template:Ayd Indian National Congress
Chief Minister (1952–1956)
1 bgcolor=Template:Party color| File:Col. Raghbir Singh.jpg Raghbir Singh
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(Patiala Sadar)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		21 April 1952 22 April 1952<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[R] Template:Ayd Indian National Congress 1st
(1952) 		Yadavindra Singh
2 File:Gian Singh Rarewala ex CM.png Gian Singh Rarewala
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(President's rule) 		5 March 1953 8 March 1954 Template:Ayd - Rajendra Prasad
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(1954) 		Yadavindra Singh
3 File:Brish Bhan.png Brish Bhan
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Institutions

File:Patiala and East Punjab States Union - PEPSU logo.jpg
Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) coat of arms in the inauguration stone of Government Medical College, Patiala

Heads of state and government

When the state was formed, the then-Maharaja of Patiala, Yadavindra Singh, was appointed its Rajpramukh (equivalent to Governor). He remained in office during the entire length of the state's short existence. The then Maharaja of Kapurthala, Jagatjit Singh, served as Uparajpramukh (lieutenant-governor).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Gian Singh Rarewala was sworn in on 13 January 1949 as the first Chief Minister of PEPSU. Col. Raghbir Singh became the next Chief Minister on 23 May 1951, and Brish Bhan the Deputy Chief Minister.[2]

The state elected a 60-member state legislative assembly on 6 January 1952. The Congress Party won 26 seats and the Akali Dal won 19 seats.

On 22 April 1952, Gian Singh Rarewala again became Chief Minister, this time an elected one. He led a coalition government, called the "United Front", formed by the Akali Dal and various independents. On 5 March 1953 his government was dismissed and President's rule was imposed on the state.[3] In the mid-term poll that followed, the Congress party secured a majority and Raghbir Singh became Chief Minister on 8 March 1954. Upon his death, Brish Bhan became the Chief Minister on 12 January 1955 and remained in office as last incumbent.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Administration

Initially, in 1948, the state was divided into the following 8 districts & 25 sub-districts (tehsils):[4]

  1. Patiala - Patiala, Nabha, Rajpura
  2. Kapurthala - Kapurthala, Phagwara
  3. Bathinda - Bathinda, Mansa, Faridkot
  4. Fatehgarh Sahib - Sirhand, Payal, Amloh
  5. Barnala - Barnala, Phul, Dhuri, Malerkotla
  6. Sangrur - Sangrur, Sunam, Narwana, Jind
  7. Kohistan - Kandaghat, Nalagarth, Dera Bassi
  8. Mohindergarh - Mohindergarh, Narnaul, Dadri

In 1953, the number of districts in PEPSU was reduced from eight to five. Fatehgarh Sahib and Kohistan districts were dissolved and merged with Patiala district. Amloh and Payal tehsils of Fatehgarh Sahib were merged with Sirhind tehsil, while Dera Bassi tehsil of Kohistan district was merged with Rajpura tehsil. Barnala district was also abolished. It had four tehsils: Phul, Dhuri, Malerkotla, and Barnala. Dhuri, Malerkotla, Barnala, and part of Phul tehsil were transferred to Sangrur district, while the remaining portion of Phul tehsil was merged with Bhatinda district.[5][6]

There were four Lok Sabha constituencies in this state. Three of them were single-seat constituency: Mohindergarh, Sangrur and Patiala. The Kapurthala-Bhatinda Lok Sabha constituency was a double-seat constituency.

Demography

The state had a population of 3,493,685 (1951 census), of which 19% was urban. The population density was 133/km2.[7] The state had 64 towns and 5,708 villages.[4]

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Page no. iii & iv - Punjab, India Census book part I-A report 1951
  5. ↑ History of jind district nic.in or Archived
  6. ↑ Page no. 10 - Punjab, india Census book Part II-A general population tables 1961 or Page no. 66 - Census book Part I-A Punjab
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  1. Singh, Gursharan (1991). History of PEPSU, India: Patiala and East Punjab States Union, 1948-1956, Delhi: Konark Publishers, Template:ISBN.

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Template:States of India on 26 January 1950 Template:Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills Template:Authority control

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