Nabha State

File:Imperial India; an artist's journals (1879) (14597378638).jpg

Sir Hira Singh, Raja of Nabha

Nabha State, with its capital at Nabha, was one of the Phulkian princely states of Punjab during the British Raj in India. This state was ruled by Jats Sidhu clan belonging to Sikh religion.

History

Origin

File:Detail of the main, continuous tract of territory of Nabha State from a map created by the British East India Company of the Malwa region of Punjab showing the various polities, borders, and settlements of the area, ca.1829–1835.jpg

Detail of the main, continuous tract of territory of Nabha State from a map created by the British East India Company, ca.1829–1835 (the state also held many exclave territories that can be seen in the full-map).

The ruling house of Nabha belonged to the Phulkian dynasty, sharing a common ancestor named Tiloka with the Jind rulers. Tiloka (r. 1652–1687) was the eldest son of Phul Sidhu of the Phulkian dynasty.Template:Efn The Nabha rulers descend from Gurditta (Gurdit Singh; r. 1687–1754), the elder son of Tiloka. Gurditta was the founder of the localities of Dhanaula and Sangrur. Sangrur was the headquarters of the state till it was captured by Jind State. Gurditta died in 1754. His only son Surat (or Suratya) Singh had died two years earlier in 1752, leaving his grandson, Hamir Singh, as the next in line. Hamir Singh was the founder of the locality of Nabha and the first ruler of Nabha State.

Foundation of the locality and state

The locality of Nabha was founded by Hamir Singh of the Phulkian dynasty in 1755, whilst the state itself was founded slightly after in 1763 by Hamir Singh. The state at that period of time was composed of twelve scattered territories. Hamir Singh died in 1783 and was succeeded by Jaswant Singh. However, a regency was in-place between 1783–1790. Jaswant Singh assumed full control on 1790 and ruled until 1840.

Alliance with the British

File:Photograph of Giani Gian Singh with Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State and the child Pratap Singh of Nabha State, ca.1919–21.jpg

Photograph of Giani Gian Singh with Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State and the child Pratap Singh of Nabha State, ca.1920–21

Between 1807 and 1808, the ruler of Nabha was afforded British protection from the threat posed by Ranjit Singh and his encroaching Lahore State.

During the First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46), due to Raja Davinder Singh’s sympathy with the Sikh Empire, one-fourth of Nabha State's territory, including areas such as Rori pargana & others, was taken by the British. Raja Davinder Singh was removed from power, and his seven-year-old son, Bharpur Singh, was placed on the throne under British supervision. Some of the annexed territory from the state was given to Patiala State and Faridkot State, while the rest was placed under direct British administration in Punjab Province.

Nabha State was loyal to the British during the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and earned the grant of Bawal territory as a reward. At the Ambala Darbar held in Ambala between 18–20 January 1860, a decision was made to exempt Nabha, Patiala, and Jind states from the doctrine-of-lapse. In 1911, Hira Singh took-on the maharaja title. Ripudaman Singh abdicated the throne of Nabha on 8 July 1923.which led to the Jaito Morcha.

Dissolution

In the happenings of Indian independence in 1947, Nabha was one of the three Phulkian states that merged to become P.E.P.S.U., which itself was gradually merged into Punjab state in 1956.

State forces

The Nabha State Force consisted of a 500-strong infantry unit, including the Nabha Akal Infantry.

List of rulers

No.	Name (Birth–Death)	Portrait	Reign	Enthronement	Ref.
Sardars
1	Hamir Singh (died 1783)	File:Painting of a nimbate Sardar Hamir Singh of Nabha holding a flower and leaning on a bolster.jpg	1763 – 1783	?
Rajas
2	Jaswant Singh (1775 – 22 May 1840)	File:Miniature painting of Raja Jaswant Singh of Nabha seated and leaning against a bolster, inscribed in Perso-Arabic script.jpg	1783 – 1840	?
3	Devinder Singh (5 September 1822 – 14/15 November 1865)	File:Miniature painting of Raja Devinder Singh of Nabha seated on a chair.jpg	1840 – 1846	15 October 1840
4	Bharpur Singh (5 October 1840 – 9 November 1863)	File:Equestrian painting of a nimbate Raja Bharpur Singh of Nabha, containing Persian inscriptions on border.jpg	1846 – November 1863	?
5	Bhagwan Singh (30 November 1842 – 31 May 1871)	File:Maharaja Bhagwan Singh of Nabha (reg. 1863-71) standing in an interior.webp	1863 – 1871	17 February 1864
Maharajas
6	Hira Singh (19 December 1843 – 24 December 1911)	File:A ruler of Punjab, probably Hira Singh, the maharajah of Nabha, India, Punjab state, former kingdom of Nabha, ca.1850–1900.jpg	1871 – 1911	10 August 1871
7	Ripudaman Singh (4 March 1883 – 14 December 1942)	File:Photograph of Maharaja Ripudaman Singh of Nabha State, Bourne & Shepherd, 1903.jpg	1911 – 1923	24 January 1912
8	Pratap Singh (21 September 1919 – 22 July 1995)	File:Photograph captioned 'His Highness The Maharaja of Nabha' (Pratap Singh), Nabha State, ca.1939.jpg	1923 – 1948

Administraiton

In 1901, the state had an area of 966 square miles and included 4 towns and 492 villages. Administratively, the state was divided into the following three districts:

1901 State Administration
No	District/Nizāmat	Remark	Pop.	area	Vill.	To.	Today
I	Phul Nizāmat	5 enclaves	37.4 %	394	228	1	Punjab
II	Amloh Nizāmat	2+ enclaves	38.6 %	291	96	2	Punjab
III	Bawal Nizāmat	Gained in 1858; 3 southern enclaves	24 %	281	164	1	Haryana

Demographics

Religious groups in Nabha State (British Punjab province era)

Religious group	1881		1891		1901		1911		1921		1931		1941
	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%	Pop.	%
Hinduism File:Om.svgTemplate:Efn	133,571		164,905		160,553		126,414		133,870		132,354		146,518
Sikhism File:Khanda.svg	77,682		63,047		78,361		76,198		78,389		97,452		122,451
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg	50,178		54,397		58,550		46,032		50,756		57,393		70,373
Jainism File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg	375		397		476		238		278		309		480
Christianity File:Christian cross.svg	18		10		7		5		41		66		221
Zoroastrianism File:Faravahar.svg	0		0		2		0		0		0		0
Buddhism File:Dharma Wheel (2).svg	0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Judaism File:Star of David.svg	—	—	0		0		0		0		0		0
Others	0		0		0		0		0		0		1
Total population	261,824		282,756		297,949		248,887		263,334		287,574		340,044
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.

Gallery

• Photograph of Gurdwara Siropa Sahib in Nabha state, where historical Sikh relics and artefacts were kept for safe-keeping, published in Mahan Kosh (1930), c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".1920s.
  Photograph of Gurdwara Siropa Sahib in Nabha state, where historical Sikh relics and artefacts were kept for safe-keeping, published in Mahan Kosh (1930), c.1920s.
• Photograph of the Hira Mahal building in Nabha state, published in Mahan Kosh (1930), c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".1920s.
  Photograph of the Hira Mahal building in Nabha state, published in Mahan Kosh (1930), c.1920s.

See also

• Patiala and East Punjab States Union
• Political integration of India
• Phulkian sardars
• Patiala State
• Jind State
• Faridkot State
• Malaudh
• Bhadaur
• Kaithal State
• Cis-Sutlej states

External links

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