Parthenium
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Parthenium is a genus of North American annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae and subfamily Asteroideae.[1][2][3][4]
The name Parthenium is an evolution of the Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (parthenion), which referred to Tanacetum parthenium.[5][6][7] The name is possibly derived from the Greek word παρθένος (parthenos) which means "virgin".[4]
Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew.[8] Notable species include guayule (P. argentatum) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War;[9] and also P. hysterophorus, a serious invasive species in the Old World.[10]
Species
These include:[3]
- Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray – Arkansas River feverfew - NM CO WY
- Parthenium argentatum A.Gray – Guayule - TX, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
- Parthenium cineraceum Rollins - Bolivia, Paraguay
- Parthenium confertum A.Gray – Gray's feverfew - AZ NM TX Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Tamaulipas
- Parthenium fruticosum Less. - from Tamaulipas to Chiapas
- Parthenium hysterophorus L. – Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed - widespread in North + South America; as an invasive species in India, Australia, and Africa
- Parthenium incanum Kunth – mariola - NV UT AZ NM TX Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
- Parthenium integrifolium L. – American feverfew, wild quinine - from TX to MA + MN
- Parthenium ligulatum (M.E. Jones) Barneby – Colorado feverfew - CO UT
- Parthenium rollinsianum Rzed. - San Luis Potosí
- Parthenium schottii Greenm. ex Millsp. & Chase - Yucatán
- Parthenium tomentosum DC. - Oaxaca, Puebla
Importance
In North America, the Jicarilla Apache people used Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The sap of guayule (P. argentatum) is a source of natural rubber.[11] Parthenium hysterophorus is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa. Its pollen can cause allergies and the sap is toxic.
Gallery
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Wild quinine (Parthenium integrifolium)
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References
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- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
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- ↑ a b Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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- ↑ Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
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- Opler, Morris E. (1946). Childhood and youth in Jicarilla Apache society. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Fund (Vol. 5). Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum Administrator of the Fund.
Further information
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