Operation Toggle
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Template:Side box
The United States's Toggle nuclear test series[1] was a group of 28 nuclear tests conducted in 1972–1973. These tests[note 1] followed the Operation Grommet series and preceded the Operation Arbor series.
Shots
Diamond Sculls
Diamond Sculls was a horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) nuclear test. Its purpose was to test the radiation hardness of the LIM-49 Spartan anti-ballistic missile. It was the largest HLOS test conducted by the United States, consisting of a Script error: No such module "convert". diameter test chamber and a Script error: No such module "convert". line-of-sight pipe.[2]
List of the nuclear tests
| Name [note 2] | Date time (UT) | Local time zone[note 3][3] | Location[note 4] | Elevation + height [note 5] | Delivery [note 6] Purpose [note 7] |
Device[note 8] | Yield[note 9] | Fallout[note 10] | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diamond ScullsScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:16:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U12t.02 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | tunnel, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6][7] | Spartan missile hardness test. | ||
| AtarqueScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:30:00.06 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ht Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][6][7][8] | ||
| Cebolla – 1 (with Cuchillo, Solano)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:31:10.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jc Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][6][7][8] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | |
| Cuchillo – 2 (with Cebolla, Solano)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:31:10.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jt Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Solano – 3 (with Cebolla, CuchilloScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:31:10.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jx Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| OscuroScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:30:00.19 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7z Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][6][7][9] | |||
| DelphiniumScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:30:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dp Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7][9] | |||
| AkbarScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:15:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ax Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][5][6][7] | |||
| ArsenateScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:15:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9ci Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][5][6][7][8] | ||
| Canna-Limoges – 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:00:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsyz26 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | Simultaneous, same hole. | ||
| Canna-Umbrinus – 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:00:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsyz2 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | Simultaneous, same hole. | ||
| TulosoScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3gi Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][5][6][7] | |||
| SolanumScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:30:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsw24 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][6][7][8] | ||
| Flax-SourceScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 20:15:00.24 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dj Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][7][9] | |||
| Flax-Backup – 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 20:15:24.35 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dj Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| Flax-Test – 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 20:15:24.35 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dj Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| AlumrootScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:30:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9cj Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| MieraScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:10:00.19 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7ad Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | I-131 venting detected, 0 | [1][6][7][8][9][10] | ||
| GazookScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 20:15:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2do Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][5][6][7][8] | ||
| NatomaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:50:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10aw Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| Angus – 1 (with Velarde)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 22:25:00.03 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][4][6][7][8][10] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | |
| Velarde – 2 (with Angus)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 22:25:00.07 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jk Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][6][7][8][11] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | |
| ColmorScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:15:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hv Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][5][6][7][8] | ||
| StarwortScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:15:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bs Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][6][7][8][9][10] | ||
| MesitaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jd Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][6][7][8] | ||
| Rio Blanco – 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:00:00.12 | MST (–7 hrs) |
near Rifle, Colorado Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][7] | Operation Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole. | ||
| Rio Blanco – 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:00:00.12 | MST (–7 hrs) |
near Rifle, Colorado Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][7] | Project Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole. | ||
| Rio Blanco – 3Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:00:00.12 | MST (–7 hrs) |
near Rifle, Colorado Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][7] | Project Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole. | ||
| CabrestoScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:30:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7h Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][6][7] | |||
| KashanScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:30:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10av Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][5][6][7][8] | ||
| Dido QueenScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:00:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U12e.14 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | tunnel, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6][7] | |||
| AlmendroScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:00:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U19v – Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][5][6][7] | |||
| PotrilloScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:45:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7af Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected | [1][4][6][7][8] | ||
| PortulacaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 19:15:12.4 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bv Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | I-131 venting detected, 0 | [1][5][6][7][9][10] | ||
| SileneScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 19:45:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9ck Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". – Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][5][6][7] |
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
- ↑ To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
- ↑ Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
- ↑ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
- ↑ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
- ↑ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
- ↑ Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
- ↑ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
- ↑ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:Cite report
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".