Operation Grommet
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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox nuclear weapons test Template:Side box
The United States's Grommet nuclear test series[1] was a group of 34 nuclear tests conducted in 1971–1972. These tests[note 1] followed the Operation Emery series and preceded the Operation Toggle series.
List of the nuclear tests
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| Name[note 2] | Date time (UT) | Local time zone[note 3][2] | Location[note 4] | Elevation + height[note 5] | Delivery[note 6] Purpose[note 7] |
Device[note 8] | Yield[note 9] | Fallout[note 10] | References | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diamond MineScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U16a.06 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | tunnel, joint verification |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | Designed to test detection of underground nuclear tests; see Vela Uniform. | ||
| MiniataScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.082 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bu Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, peaceful research |
Diamond | Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][5][6][7][8] | Project PlowshareTemplate:Snd device development. |
| BrackenScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10aq Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][6][9] | ||
| ApodacaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:33:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3gs Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][9] | |||
| BarrancaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 13:30:00.042 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3he Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| Nama-AmarylisTemplate:Snd 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:07:45.2 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsxy3 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Nama-MephistoTemplate:Snd 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:07:45.2 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsz27 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| BalticScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:31:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itss25 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| AlgodonesScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.03 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jn Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][7][10] | |||
| Frijoles-DemingTemplate:Snd 1Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.037 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jw Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][9] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Frijoles-EspuelaTemplate:Snd 2Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3ju Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, safety experiment |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Frijoles-GuajeTemplate:Snd 3Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hf Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| Frijoles-PetacaTemplate:Snd 4Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hz Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | Simultaneous, separate holes. | ||
| PedernalScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][10] | |||
| ChantillyScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:30:00.14 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2di Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| CathayScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:30:00.15 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9ch Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][7][9] | |||
| LagoonScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:30:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10ar Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| CannikinScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 22:00:00.06 | BST (–11 hrs) |
Amchitka Island, Alaska Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][4][7] | A test of the Spartan ABM warhead. The largest underground nuclear test ever. | ||
| Diagonal LineScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 20:15:00.17 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U11g Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected off site, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][5][6][7] | Picture of the "Ship of the Desert", a structure for capturing neutrons for experiments with this test: File:NNSA-NSO-1347.jpg. | |
| ParnassiaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:45:00.15 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2bc Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| ChaenactisScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:09:59.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dl Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][7][9] | |||
| HospahScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:10:01.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3je Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| YerbaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:10:01.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U1c Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| MescaleroScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:10:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3gu Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| CowlesScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:45:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3hx Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][9][11] | |||
| DianthusScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 19:02:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U10at Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][6][9] | ||
| SapphoScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 18:50:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dh2 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][6][11] | ||
| OcateTemplate:Snd 2 (with Onaja)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:00:00.08 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jp Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert". + | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| OnajaTemplate:Snd 1 (with Ocate)Script error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 21:00:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3js Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| LongchampsScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:32:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dm Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][7] | |||
| JicarillaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:42:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jm Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| Misty NorthScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 19:15:00.04 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U12n.05 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | tunnel, weapon effect |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][9][10] | |||
| KaraScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:00:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dh3 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][6][9] | ||
| ZinniaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:10:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dk Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][5][7][9] | ||
| MoneroScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 17:00:00.05 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jg Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][10] | |||
| MeridaScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 15:20:00.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U2dn Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | Venting detected, Script error: No such module "convert". | [1][3][4][6][9] | ||
| CapitanScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 14:41:00.19 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U3jj Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4][9] | |||
| TajiqueScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:30:00.07 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U7aa Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] | |||
| HaplopappusScript error: No such module "anchor". | Template:Dts 16:30:03.16 | PST (–8 hrs) |
NTS Area U9itsw22 Script error: No such module "Coordinates". | Script error: No such module "sort".Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Snd Script error: No such module "convert". | underground shaft, weapons development |
Script error: No such module "sort". | [1][3][4] |
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- ↑ A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptionsTemplate:Snd Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1Template:Snd 1 (with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
- ↑ To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database.
- ↑ Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.
- ↑ Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
- ↑ Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
- ↑ Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
- ↑ Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
- ↑ Estimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
- ↑ Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
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References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".[1] Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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