Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund

Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Template other Template:Anarcho-syndicalism sidebar The Norwegian Syndicalist Federation (Template:Langx;Template:RefnTemplate:Refn NSF) is an anarcho-syndicalist group in Norway. Established in the 1910s, the NSF worked within existing Norwegian trade unions in order to radicalise them towards revolutionary syndicalism. It was a founding member of the International Workers' Association (IWA) and historically maintained close connections with the Central Organisation of Swedish Workers (SAC). The NSF was politically repressed during the German occupation of Norway and, in the wake of World War II, experienced a dramatic decline. In the 1970s, the organisation was reconstituted as a propaganda group and continued its activities into the 21st century, with a much smaller membership.

Background

From 1906, anarchism in Norway was closely linked with the Norwegian labour movement.Template:Sfn The anarcho-syndicalist movement was constituted by opponents of the social-democratic leadership within Norway's trade unions.Template:Sfn Although opposed to the reformist leadership, the Norwegian syndicalists pursued a strategy of dual unionism, working within existing trade unions with the intention of radicalising them.Template:Sfn In the summer of 1911, a wave of lockouts resulted in trade union leaders agreeing to a compromise agreement with business leaders, which caused disillusioned workers to gravitate towards syndicalism.Template:Sfn At a conference in Trondheim, syndicalists repudiated agreements with employers and instead endorsed methods of direct action to win workers' demands.Template:Sfn In 1912, syndicalists began publishing the newspaper Direkte Aktion.Template:Sfn

Establishment

In 1913, syndicalists established the Norwegian Trade Union Opposition (Template:Langx; NFO), which acted as an oppositional force within the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO).Template:Sfn The Norwegian syndicalists quickly developed close links with the Central Organisation of Swedish Workers (SAC), a relatively powerful anarcho-syndicalist union that counted 32,000 members by the end of the 1910s.Template:Sfn Template:Ill, a delegate for the SAC, represented the Norwegian syndicalists at the First International Syndicalist Congress, which took place in London in late 1913.Template:Sfnm

Although the NFO was supported by some within the Central Organisation of Swedish Workers (SAC), the SAC's decision to establish its own local organisations in Norway caused friction with the NFO. By 1916, the NFO counted 10,000 members, while the Norwegian branch of the SAC counted 700.Template:Sfn In December 1916, the two parties attempted to reach an agreement, but talks broke down. The SAC members in Norway subsequently decided to establish their own independent organisation, the Norwegian Syndicalist Federation (NSF). Albert Jensen, a vocal supporter of the NFO, was fiercely critical of the formation of the NSF, which he considered to be a small sectarian group.Template:Sfn By 1920, the NFO had succeeded in taking over the LO; its ideology subsequently shifted from syndicalism to communism.Template:Sfn In 1919, the NSF began publishing its journal Alarm.Template:Sfn

International connections

After the conclusion of World War I, in February 1919, delegates from the NSF, SAC and the Danish Fagsoppositionens Sammenslutning (FS) met at a conference in Copenhagen to consolidate their international ties.Template:Sfn In December 1920, the NSF declared its support for the revolutionary syndicalist conference being held in Berlin, where syndicalist delegates debated whether to join the Bolshevik-aligned Red International of Labour Unions (RILU) or to establish their own trade union international.Template:Sfn The NSF ultimately signalled its support for the latter option.Template:Sfnm In June 1922, the NSF delegated Jensen to represent it at the international syndicalist conference in Berlin, which resolved to create a new trade union international.Template:Sfnm Finally, in December 1922, the NSF was represented by Gus Smith at the constitutional convention of the International Workers' Association (IWA), which brought together more than 2 million members of anarcho-syndicalist trade unions from throughout Europe and Latin America.Template:Sfnm An internal referendum by the NSF unanimously approved the creation of the IWA.Template:Sfnm At the time of the IWA's founding, the NSF counted 20,000 members.Template:Sfn

Repression and decline

During the German occupation of Norway, from 1940 to 1945, the NSF was outlawed by the Quisling regime.Template:Sfn After World War II ended, although European anarcho-syndicalists had the possibility of returning to illegal activity, the movement entered a sustained decline.Template:Sfn While the SAC managed to remain a major force in Swedish labour movement, the NSF effectively dissolved.Template:Sfn During the 1950s, Alarm resumed publication under the name Solidaritet, which remained in print until 1960; some short-lived anarcho-syndicalist groups were also established, including the Syndicalist Youth Alliance (Template:Langx).Template:Sfn

Anarcho-syndicalism only began to experience a revival in Europe after the protests of 1968.Template:Sfn Since 1976, the NSF has been reconstituted,Template:Sfnm continuing on as a relatively small propaganda group. In 1998, it counted roughly 40 members, who have continued to agitate for anarcho-syndicalism within Norway's larger trade unions.Template:Sfn The NSF remained affiliated with the IWA into the 21st century.Template:Sfn

External links

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