Template:Short description
Template:Automatic taxobox
The New World quail are small birds, that despite their similar appearance and habits to the Old World quail, belong to a different family known as the Odontophoridae. In contrast, the Old World quail are in the Phasianidae family, sharing only a remote phylogenetic connection with their New World counterparts through their mutual classification within the Phasianoidea superfamily. The geographical range of the New World quail extends from Canada to southern Brazil, and two species, the California quail and the bobwhite quail, have been successfully introduced to New Zealand. The stone partridge and Nahan's partridge, both found in Africa, seem to belong to the family. Species are found across a variety of habitats from tropical rainforest to deserts, although a few species are capable of surviving at very low temperatures. There are 34 species divided into 10 genera.
The legs of most New World quails are short but powerful, with some species having very thick legs for digging. They lack the spurs of many Old World galliformes. Although they are capable of short bursts of strong flight, New World quails prefer to walk, and run from danger (or hide), taking off explosively only as a last resort. Plumage varies from dull to spectacular, and many species have ornamental crests or plumes on their heads. Moderate sexual dichromism is seen in plumage, with males having brighter plumage.
Behaviour and ecology
The New World quails are shy diurnal birds and generally live on the ground; even the tree quails, which roost in high trees, generally feed mainly on the ground. They are generalists with regards to their diet, taking insects, seeds, vegetation, and tubers. Desert species in particular consume seeds frequently.
Most of the information about the breeding biology of New World quails comes from North American species, which have been better studied than those of the Neotropics. The family is generally thought to be monogamous, and nests are constructed on the ground. Clutch sizes are large, as is typical within the Galliformes, ranging from three to six eggs for the tree quail and wood quail, and as high as 10–15 for the northern bobwhite. Incubation takes between 16 and 30 days depending on the species. Chicks are precocial and quickly leave the nest to accompany the parents in large family groups.
Northern bobwhite and California quail are popular gamebirds, with many taken by hunters, but these species have also had their ranges increased to meet hunting demand and are not threatened. They are also artificially stocked. Some species are threatened by human activity, such as the bearded tree quail of Mexico, which is threatened by habitat loss and illegal hunting.
Species
Subspecies English names by Çınar 2015.[1]
| Subfamily
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Image
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Genus
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Species
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| Ptilopachinae Bowie, Coehn & Crowe 2013Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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File:Stone Partridge.jpg
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Ptilopachus Swainson 1837Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- Nahan's partridge/forest francolin, Ptilopachus nahani(Dubois 1905)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Stone partridge/Bantam, Ptilopachus petrosus(Gmelin 1789)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- P. p. brehmiNeumann 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Kordofan stone partridge)
- P. p. majorNeumann 1908Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Abyssinian/Ethiopian stone partridge)
- P. p. florentiaeOgilvie-Grant 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Kenya stone partridge)
- P. p. petrosus(Gmelin 1789)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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| Odontophorinae Gould 1844Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (New World quails)
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Rhynchortyx Ogilvie-Grant 1893Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- Banded/Tawny-faced quail, Rhynchortyx cinctus(Salvin 1876) Ogilvie-Grant 1893Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- R. c. pudibundusPeters 1929Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Honduran long-legged colin)
- R. c. cinctus(Salvin 1876)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (long-legged colin)
- R. c. australisChapman 1915Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (southern long-legged colin)
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| File:Oreortyx pictus.jpg
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Oreortyx (Douglas 1829) Baird 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- Mountain quail, Oreortyx pictus(Douglas 1829) Baird 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. p. pictus(Douglas 1829) non PetersScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (northwestern mountain quail)
- O. p. plumifer(Gould 1837)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (plumed mountain quail)
- O. p. russelliMiller 1946Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (pallid mountain quail)
- O. p. eremophilusvan Rossem 1937Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (desert mountain quail)
- O. p. confinisAnthony 1889Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (southern mountain quail)
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| File:Dendrortyx macroura 27737108.jpg
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Dendrortyx Gould 1844Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- Bearded wood partridge, Dendrortyx barbatusGould 1846Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Buffy-crowned wood partridge, Dendrortyx leucophrys(Gould 1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. l. leucophrys(Gould 1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Guatemalan/Nicaraguan long-tailed partridge)
- D. l. hypospodiusSalvin 1896Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Costa Rican long-tailed partridge)
- Long-tailed wood partridge, Dendrortyx macroura(Jardine & Selby 1828)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. m. macroura(Jardine & Selby 1828)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (eastern long-tailed partridge)
- D. m. griseipectusNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (gray-breasted long-tailed partridge)
- D. m. diversusFriedmann 1943Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Jalisco long-tailed partridge)
- D. m. striatusNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Guerreran long-tailed partridge)
- D. m. inesperatusPhillips 1966Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. m. oaxacaeNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Oaxacan long-tailed partridge)
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| File:Museo de la Naturaleza de Cantabria (70).jpg
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Philortyx Gould 1846 non Des Murs 1854Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- Banded quail, Philortyx fasciatus(Gould 1844) Gould 1846Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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| File:Colinus cristatus 2.jpg
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Colinus Goldfuss 1820Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Bobwhites)
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- †Colinus eatoniScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Colinus suiliumBrodkorb 1959Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- †Colinus hibbardiWetmore 1944Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Crested bobwhite, Colinus cristatus(Linnaeus 1766)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. c. mariaeWetmore 1962Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. c. panamensisDickey & van Rossem 1930Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Panama crested quail)
- C. c. decoratus(Todd 1917)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Magdalena crested quail)
- C. c. littoralis(Todd 1917)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (littoral crested quail)
- C. c. cristatus(Linnaeus 1766)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. c. horvathi(Madarász 1904)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Horvath's quail)
- C. c. barnesiGilliard 1940Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. c. sonnini(Temminck 1815)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Sonnini's crested quail)
- C. c. mocquerysi(Hartert 1894)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Mocquerys's/Cumana crested quail)
- C. c. leucotis(Gould 1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (white-eared crested quail)
- C. c. badiusConover 1938Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Cauca Valley crested quail)
- C. c. bogotensisDugand 1943Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Bogotá crested bobwhite)
- C. c. parvicristatus(Gould 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (short-crested quail)
- Spot-bellied bobwhite, Colinus leucopogon(Lesson 1842)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. l. incanusFriedmann 1944Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Guatemalan white-breasted bobwhite)
- C. l. hypoleucus(Gould 1860)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Salvadorean White-breasted Bobwhite)
- C. l. leucopogon(Lesson 1842)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (white-throated quail)
- C. l. leylandi(Moore 1859)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Leyland's spot-bellied quail)
- C. l. sclateri(Bonaparte 1856)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Sclater's spot-bellied bobwhite)
- C. l. dickeyiConover 1932Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Dickey's spot-bellied bobwhite)
- Yucatán/Black-throated bobwhite, Colinus nigrogularis(Gould 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. n. cabotivan Tyne & Trautman 1941Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. n. persiccusvan Tyne & Trautman 1941Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Progreso black-throated bobwhite)
- C. n. nigrogularis(Gould 1843) Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. n. segoviensisRidgway 1888Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Honduran black-throated quail)
- masked/Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus (Linnaeus 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. v. graysoni subspecies-group
- C. v. graysoni(Lawrence 1867)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Grayson's Bobwhite)
- C. v. nigripectusNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (puebla northern bobwhite)
- C. v. pectoralis subspecies-group
- C. v. pectoralis(Gould 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (black-breasted bobwhite)
- C. v. godmaniNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Godman's northern bobwhite)
- C. v. minorNelson 1901Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (least northern bobwhite)
- C. v. thayeriBangs & Peters 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Thayer's northern bobwhite)
- C. v. coyolcos subspecies-group
- C. v. nelsoni (Nelson's bobwhite)
- C. v. ridgwayiBrewster 1885Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Masked northern Bobwhite)
- C. v. insignisNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Guatemalan northern bobwhite)
- C. v. salviniNelson 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Salvin's northern bobwhite)
- C. v. coyolcos(Statius Müller 1776)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (coyolcos Bobwhite)
- C. v. harrisoniOrr & Webster 1968Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Harrison's bobwhite)
- C. v. atriceps(Ogilvie-Grant 1893)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (black-headed northern bobwhite)
- C. v. virginianus subspecies-group
- C. v. aridus(Lawrence 1853) Aldrich 1942Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Jaumave northern bobwhite)
- C. v. cubanensis(Gray 1846)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Cuban bobwhite)
- C. v. floridanus(Coues 1872)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Florida bobwhite)
- C. v. maculatus(Nelson 1899)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (spot-bellied northern bobwhite)
- C. v. virginianus(Linnaeus 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Eastern bobwhite)
- C. v. taylori(Lincoln 1915)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (plains bobwhite)
- C. v. texanus(Lawrence 1853)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Texas bobwhite)
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| File:Callipepla californica.jpg
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Callipepla Wagler 1832Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Crested quails)
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- †Callipepla shotwelli(Brodkorb 1958)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Scaled quail/blue quail Callipepla squamata(Vigors 1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. s. pallidaBrewster 1881Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (northern scaled quail)
- C. s. hargraveiRea 1973Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Upper Sonoran scaled quail)
- C. s. castanogastrisBrewster 1883Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (chestnut-bellied scaled quail)
- C. s. squamata(Vigors 1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Altiplano scaled quail)
- Elegant quail, Callipepla douglasii(Vigors 1829)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. d. douglasii(Vigors 1829)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Douglas's elegant quail)
- C. d. bensoniRidgway 1887Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Benson's elegant quail)
- C. d. vanderbiltiScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Islas Marías elegant quail)
- C. d. teres(Friedmann 1943)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Jalisco elegant quail)
- California quail, Callipepla californica(Shaw 1798)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. c. brunnescens(Ridgway 1884)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (coastal California quail)
- C. c. canfieldae(van Rossem 1939)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Owen Valley quail)
- C. c. californica(Shaw 1798)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (valley California quail)
- C. c. catalinensis(Grinnell 1906)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Santa Catalina California quail)
- C. c. achrustera(Peters 1923)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (San Lucas California quail)
- Gambel's quail, Callipepla gambelii(Gambel 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. g. gambelii(Gambel 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (southwestern Gambel's quail)
- C. g. ignoscensFriedmann 1943Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Texas Gambel's quail)
- C. g. fulvipectusNelson 1899Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (fulvous-breasted Gambel's quail)
- C. g. stephensiPhillips 1959Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Stephen's Gambel's quail)
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| File:072 - MONTEZUMA QUAIL (8-20-2014) 78 circulo montana, patagonia lake ranch estates, scc, az -01 (14805362757).jpg
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Cyrtonyx Gould 1844Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- †Cyrtonyx cookiGutierrez et al. 1981Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Ocellated quail, Cyrtonyx ocellatus(Gould 1837)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Montezuma quail, Cyrtonyx montezumae(Vigors 1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. m. mearnsiNelson 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Mearns's Montezuma quail)
- C. m. montezumae(Vigors 1830)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Massena harlequin quail)
- Spot-breasted quail, Cyrtonyx sallei(Verreaux 1859Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)
- C. s. rowleyiPhillips 1966Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- C. s. salleiVerreaux 1859Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Salle's spot-breasted quail)
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| File:Codorniz Silbadora, Singing Quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus (23387866083).jpg
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Dactylortyx (Gambel 1848) Ogilvie-Grant 1893Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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- long-toed/Singing quail, Dactylortyx thoracicus(Gambel 1848) Ogilvie-Grant 1893Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. t. pettingilliWarner & Harrell 1957Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. t. thoracicus(Gambel 1848)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Veracruz singing quail)
- D. t. sharpeiNelson 1903Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Yucatán singing quail)
- D. t. paynteriWarner & Harrell 1955Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. t. deviusNelson 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Jaliscan singing quail)
- D. t. melodusWarner & Harrell 1957Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- D. t. chiapensisNelson 1898Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Chiapan singing quail)
- D. t. dolichonyxWarner & Harrell 1957Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". [Dactylortyx thoracicus calophonus]
- D. t. salvadoranusDickey & van Rossem 1928Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Salvadorean long-toed partridge)
- D. t. fuscusConover 1937Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Honduran long-toed partridge)
- D. t. conoveriWarner & Harrell 1957Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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| File:Chestnut wood quail (Odontophorus hyperythrus).jpg
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Odontophorus Vieillot 1816Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (wood quails)
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- Spotted wood quail, Odontophorus guttatus(Gould 1838)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Marbled wood quail, Odontophorus gujanensis(Gmelin 1789)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. g. castigatusBangs 1901Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Chiriquí partridge)
- O. g. marmoratus(Gould 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (marbled partridge)
- O. g. mediusChapman 1929Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Duida partridge)
- O. g. gujanensis(Gmelin 1789)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Guianan partridge)
- O. g. buckleyiChubb 1919Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Buckley's partridge)
- O. g. rufogularisBlake 1959Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. g. pachyrhynchusTschudi 1844Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (thick-billed partridge)
- O. g. simonsiChubb 1919Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Simon's partridge)
- Starred wood quail, Odontophorus stellatus(Gould 1843)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Spot-winged wood quail, Odontophorus capueira(von Spix 1825)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Black-eared wood quail, Odontophorus melanotisSalvin 1865Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. m. verecundusPeters 1929Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Honduran partridge)
- O. m. melanotisSalvin 1865Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (black-eared wood quail)
- Rufous-fronted wood quail, Odontophorus erythropsGould 1859Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. e. parambaeRothschild 1897Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Paramba quail)
- O. e. erythropsGould 1859Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (chestnut-eared partridge)
- Stripe-faced wood quail, Odontophorus ballivianiGould 1846Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chestnut wood quail, Odontophorus hyperythrusGould 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Dark-backed wood quail, Odontophorus melanonotusGould 1861Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Rufous-breasted wood quail, Odontophorus speciosusTschudi 1843Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. s. soderstromiiLönnberg & Rendahl 1922Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Soderstrom's partridge)
- O. s. speciosusTschudi 1843Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (rufous-breasted partridge)
- O. s. loricatusTodd 1932Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Bolivian partridge)
- Tacarcuna wood quail, Odontophorus dialeucosWetmore 1963Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Gorgeted wood quail, Odontophorus strophium(Gould 1844)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Venezuelan wood quail, Odontophorus columbianusGould 1850Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Black-breasted wood quail, Odontophorus leucolaemusSalvin 1867Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Black-fronted wood quail, Odontophorus atrifronsAllen 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- O. a. atrifronsAllen 1900Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (black-fronted partridge)
- O. a. variegatusTodd 1919Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (variegated partridge)
- O. a. navaiAveledo & Pons 1952Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
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Fossils
Phylogeny
Position within the Galliformes.
Template:Cladogram
Living Odontophoridae based on the work by John Boyd.[2]
Script error: No such module "Clade".
See also
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
Template:Taxonbar
Template:Authority control
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_78_circulo_montana,_patagonia_lake_ranch_estates,_scc,_az_-01_(14805362757).jpg){kind=link}
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