Sideroxylon

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File:Sideroxylon mirmulano leaves.jpg
Leaves of Sideroxylon mirmulano

Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[1][2] They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."[3]

Distribution

The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America as well as in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands.[4] Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.[5][6]

Ecology

Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct.[7][8] Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.

Species

83 species are currently accepted.[9]

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Formerly placed here

  • Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) EymaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. acutangulum DuckeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Micropholis crassipedicellata (Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. crassipedicellatum Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Micropholis guyanensis (A.DC.) PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. guyanense A.DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. rugosum (Sw.) Roem. & Schult.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. cymosum L.f.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Planchonella australis (R.Br.) PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. australe (R.Br.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex F.Muell.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Planchonella costata (Endl.) PierreScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. costatum (Endl.) F.Muell.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Planchonella eerwah (F.M.Bailey) P.RoyenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. eerwah F.M.BaileyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Planchonella macrantha (Merr.) SwensonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. macranthum Merr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Pouteria elegans (A.DC.) BaehniScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. elegans A.DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) EymaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. uniloculare Donn.Sm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & StearnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. sapota Jacq.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]
  • Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.) DaniellScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (as S. dulcificum (Schumach.) A.DC.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".)[15]

References

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  1. ↑ Tropicos, Sideroxylon L.
  2. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192-193 in Latin
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ↑ Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 236, Bully, Sideroxylon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 192. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 89. 1754.
  6. ↑ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 212, 铁榄属 tie lan shu Sinosideroxylon (Engler) Aubreville, Adansonia, n.s. 3: 32. 1963.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  10. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lanuginosum
  11. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lycioides
  12. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon reclinatum
  13. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon tenax
  14. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon thornei
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

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