Muinane language
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Muinane is an indigenous American language spoken in Colombia.
Classification
Muinane belongs to the Boran language family, along with Bora.
Geographic distribution
Muinane is spoken by 150 people in Colombia along the Upper Cahuinarí river in the Department of Amazonas. There may be some speakers in Peru.
Phonology
Consonants
- Voiceless stops and affricates contrast with their geminate counterparts: Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA"..
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link |
| Low | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link |
Tone
There are two tones in Muinane: high and low.
Grammar
Word order in Muinane is generally SOV. Case marking is nominative–accusative.
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Muinane:[1]
English Muinane one sánótro two minóke head nígai eye adíge tooth ígaino man gáife water negfuáyu fire köxögai sun neʔegbua maize bédya jaguar höku
Writing System
Muinane is written using a Latin alphabet. A chart of symbols with the sounds they represent is as follows:
| Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | Script error: No such module "IPA". | b | Script error: No such module "IPA". | c | Script error: No such module "IPA".-Script error: No such module "IPA". | ch | Script error: No such module "IPA". | d | Script error: No such module "IPA". | e | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| f | Script error: No such module "IPA". | g(u) | Script error: No such module "IPA".-Script error: No such module "IPA". | h | Script error: No such module "IPA". | i | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ɨ | Script error: No such module "IPA". | j | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| ll | Script error: No such module "IPA". | m | Script error: No such module "IPA". | n | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ñ | Script error: No such module "IPA". | o | Script error: No such module "IPA". | p | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| qu | Script error: No such module "IPA". | r | Script error: No such module "IPA". | z | Script error: No such module "IPA". | s | Script error: No such module "IPA". | t | Script error: No such module "IPA". | u | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| v | Script error: No such module "IPA". | y | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
- Palatalized consonants are written using the unpalatalized forms plus y: ty Script error: No such module "IPA"., dy Script error: No such module "IPA"., ry Script error: No such module "IPA".. For the purposes of alphabetization, these are considered sequences of letters.
- Tone is not generally indicated in writing. When it is shown, it is indicated by an acute accent over the vowel: á, é, í, ɨ́, ó, ú.
- The Muinane writing system is based on Spanish orthography. For that reason, the sound Script error: No such module "IPA". is written as c before a, ɨ, o, and u and as qu before e and i. Likewise, the sound Script error: No such module "IPA". is written as gu before e and i, and g elsewhere.
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Sources
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