Mbugu language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Maʼa is a Bantu language of Tanzania.

The Mbugu people speak two divergent registers, which have been treated as separate languages by some authorities (e.g. Tucker and Bryan): Mbugu or "Normal Mbugu" (autonym kiMbugu) is purely Bantu, with vocabulary closely related to Pare, while Maʼa or "Inner Mbugu" (autonym kiMaʼa) consists of an inherited Cushitic vocabulary with Bantu morphology similar to that of Shambala and Pare. They share a grammar, to the point that their syntax is identical and a passage in one can be translated to the other simply by changing the content words.[1]

The Cushitic element was identified as South Cushitic by Ehret. However, Kießling (2001) notes a large East Cushitic admixture.[2] Mous presents the Cushitic element as a register of a Bantu language, and identifies it as largely East Cushitic rather than South Cushitic.[3]

Phonology

Consonants

Normal Mbugu distinguishes 29 consonants. Inner Mbugu distinguishes an additional four: /ʔ ɬ x ŋ̊x/, for a total of 33. The table below displays the consonants of Mbugu in IPA format, along with Mous' (1995) practical orthography in angle brackets where it differs from IPA.

Table of Mbugu consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
centralScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". lateralScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Nasal Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:Angbr Template:IPAlink
Plosive voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:Angbr Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:AngbrTemplate:Efn
implosiveScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:Angbr Template:IPAlink
Prenasalized
plosive
voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link Template:Angbr Template:IPA link Template:Angbr Template:IPA link Template:Angbr
voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link Template:Angbr Template:IPA link Template:Angbr Template:IPA link Template:Angbr
Fricative voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:AngbrTemplate:Efn Template:IPAlink Template:Angbr Template:IPAlinkTemplate:Efn Template:IPAlink
voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:Angbr
prenasalizedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link Template:AngbrTemplate:Efn
Sonorant Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink Template:Angbr Template:IPAlink

Template:Notelist

Vowels

Both registers of Mbugu distinguish five vowels.

Front Back
High Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink
Mid Template:IPAlink Template:IPAlink
Low Template:IPAlink

Tone

Three tones are distinguished in Mbugu: high, low, and falling. Low tone is default (unmarked). High tone is represented with an acute accent Template:Angbr, while falling tone is represented with the sequence Template:Angbr.

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. Roland Kießling, "South Cushitic links to East Cushitic", in Zaborski ed, 2001, New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics
  3. Blench, 2006, Classification of Afroasiatic, ms.

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Further reading

  • Tosco, Mauro. 2000. 'Cushitic Overview.' Journal of Ethiopian Studies 33(2):87-121.

Script error: No such module "Side box". Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) Script error: No such module "Authority control".