Master of the Rolls

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Top icon Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox political post The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the President of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and Head of Civil Justice. As a judge, the Master of the Rolls is second in seniority in England and Wales only to the Lord Chief Justice.[1] The position dates from at least 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that.[2]

The Master of the Rolls was initially a clerk responsible for keeping the "Rolls" or records of the Court of Chancery, and was known as the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery.[3] The Keeper was the most senior of the dozen Chancery clerks, and as such occasionally acted as keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm.[4] The post evolved into a judicial one as the Court of Chancery did; the first reference to judicial duties dates from 1520.[5] With the Judicature Act 1873, which merged the Court of Chancery with the other major courts, the Master of the Rolls joined the Chancery Division of the High Court and the Court of Appeal,[6] but left the Chancery Division by the terms of the Judicature Act 1881. The Master of the Rolls had also been warden of the little-used Domus Conversorum for housing Jewish converts, which led to the house and chapel being used to store legal documents and later becoming the location of the Public Record Office. He retained his clerical functions as the nominal head of the Public Record Office until the Public Records Act 1958 transferred responsibility for it to the Lord Chancellor.[7] One residual reminder of this role is the fact that the Master of the Rolls of the day continues to serve, ex officio, as President of the British Records Association. The Master of the Rolls was also previously responsible for registering solicitors, the officers of the Senior Courts.[8]

One of the most prominent people to hold the position was Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII; more recently, Lord Denning held the position for 20 years, from 1962 to 1982, and made sweeping changes in the common law. The current Master of the Rolls is Sir Geoffrey Vos, who took office in January 2021.[9]

The Rolls Estate

The substantial estate of the Domus Conversorum, between London and Westminster, became attached to the office of Master of the Rolls, and was known as the "Rolls Estate", regarded as virtually an Inn of Court.[10]

List of Masters of the Rolls

Gallery

Portrait Name Term of office Other positions Notes
Script error: No such module "Sort". 2 September 1286 1 October 1295 Lord Chancellor 1292–1302, 1307–1310 [11][12]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 October 1295 19 August 1316
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 19 August 1316 26 May 1324
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 26 May 1324 4 July 1325
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 4 July 1325 20 January 1334
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 20 January 1334 28 April 1337
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [11]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 28 April 1337 10 January 1341 Archbishop of Dublin 1349–1362, Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1350–1356 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 10 January 1341 21 February 1341
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 21 February 1341 2 July 1346
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 2 July 1346 28 March 1371
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 28 March 1371 8 September 1381
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 8 September 1381 24 October 1386 Lord Privy Seal 1386–1389, Lord Chancellor 1349–1356 [13][14]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 24 October 1386 22 July 1394
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 22 July 1394 11 September 1397 Lord Chancellor 1399–1401 [13][15]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 11 September 1397 24 September 1402
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [13]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 24 September 1402 2 March 1405 Lord Privy Seal 1405–1406, Lord High Treasurer 1407–1408 [16][17]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 2 March 1405 3 June 1415 Lord Privy Seal 1415–1416 [16][18]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 3 June 1415 28 October 1423
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 28 October 1423 13 November 1438
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 November 1438 29 March 1447
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 29 March 1447 23 December 1461
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 23 December 1461 12 February 1471
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 12 February 1471 29 April 1471
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [16]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 29 April 1471 16 March 1472 Lord Chancellor 1475, 1485–1487 [16][19]
File:Cardinal John Morton.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 16 March 1472 9 January 1479 Lord Chancellor 1487–1500, Archbishop of Canterbury 1486–1500 [16][20]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 9 January 1479 22 September 1483
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [21]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 22 September 1483 22 August 1485
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [21]
Script error: No such module "Sort". jointly with William Eliot 22 August 1485 26 February 1487 Jointly from 13 November 1485 [21][22]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 26 February 1487 5 May 1492
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [21]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 5 May 1492 13 February 1494
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [21]
File:Hans Holbein d. J. 066.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 February 1494 1 February 1502 Keeper of the Great Seal 1502–1504, Lord Chancellor 1504–1515, Archbishop of Canterbury 1503–1532 [21][23]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 February 1502 13 November 1504
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [21]
File:Christopher Bainbridge.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 November 1504 22 January 1508 Archbishop of York 1508–1514 [21][24]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 22 January 1508 12 May 1516
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [25]
File:CuthbertTunstall.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 12 May 1516 20 October 1522 Lord Privy Seal 1523–1530 [25][26]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 20 October 1522 9 October 1523
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [25]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 9 October 1523 26 June 1527
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [25]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 26 June 1527 8 October 1534 Archdeacon of Derby 1516–1533, Archdeacon of Buckingham 1516–1534 [25]
File:Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 8 October 1534 10 July 1536 Secretary of State 1533–1536, Lord Privy Seal 1536–1540 [25][27]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 10 July 1536 1 July 1541 Solicitor General 1525–1529, Attorney General 1529–1536 [25][28]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 July 1541 13 December 1550
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [25]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 December 1550 18 June 1552
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [25]
File:Sir Robert Bowes.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 18 June 1552 18 September 1553
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [25]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 18 September 1553 5 November 1557 Speaker of the House of Commons 1539–1540 [29][30]
File:Cornelis de Zeeuw - Portrait of a Gentleman (1565).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 5 November 1557 30 May 1581 Solicitor General 1553–1557, Speaker of the House of Commons 1558 [29][31]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 30 May 1581 10 April 1594 Attorney General 1559–1581 [29][32]
File:Thomas Egerton, 1st Viscount Brackley from NPG.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 10 April 1594 18 May 1603 Solicitor General 1581–1592, Attorney General 1592–1594, Lord Chancellor 1596–1617, First Lord of the Treasury 1613–1614 [29][33]
File:LordKinloss.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 18 May 1603 14 January 1611
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [29]
File:Edward Phelips.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 14 January 1611 1 September 1614 Speaker of the House of Commons 1603–1611 [29][34]
File:SirJuliusCaesarCrop.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 September 1614 18 April 1636 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606–1614 [29]
File:Sir Dudley Digges (c. 1583 – 1639).jpeg Script error: No such module "Sort". 18 April 1636 30 March 1639
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [29]
File:SirCharlesCaesar.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 30 March 1639 28 January 1643
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [29]
File:1stLordColepeper.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". (royalist) 28 January 1643 3 November 1660 Chancellor of the Exchequer 1642–1643 [29][35]
File:WilliamLenthall.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". (parliamentary) 10 November 1643 14 May 1659 Speaker of the House of Commons 1640–1647, 1647–1653, 1654–1655, 1659–1660 [36][37]
File:Sir Harbottle Grimston.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 3 November 1660 12 January 1685 Speaker of the House of Commons 1660 [36][38]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 12 January 1685 20 October 1685 Attorney-General 1673–85[39] [36]
File:Sir John Trevor - detail.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 20 October 1685 13 March 1689
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [36]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 March 1689 13 January 1693 Speaker of the House of Commons 1689 [36][40]
File:Sir John Trevor - detail.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 January 1693 20 May 1717 Speaker of the House of Commons 1685–1689, 1693–1717 [36][41]
File:Joseph Jekyll - Richardson.jpeg Script error: No such module "Sort". 13 July 1717 19 August 1738
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [36]
File:John Verney - detail.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 9 October 1738 5 August 1741
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [36]
File:Willfortescue.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 5 November 1741 16 December 1749
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [36]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 11 January 1750 18 May 1754 Solicitor General 1737–1742 [36][42]
File:Sir Thomas Clarke.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 29 May 1754 13 November 1764
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [43]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 4 December 1764 6 March 1784
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [43]
File:Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon by William Davison.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 30 March 1784 7 June 1788 Attorney General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Lord Chief Justice 1788–1802 [43][44]
File:1stLordAlvanley.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 14 June 1788 23 May 1801 Solicitor General 1782–1783, 1783–1784, Attorney General 1784–1788, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1801–1804 [43][45]
File:Sir William Grant by Sir Thomas Lawrence.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 27 May 1801 31 December 1817 Solicitor General 1799–1801 [43][46]
File:ThomasPlumer.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 6 January 1818 24 March 1824 Solicitor General 1807–1812, Attorney General 1812–1813 [43][47]
File:RobertGifford.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 5 April 1824 4 September 1826 Solicitor General 1817–1819, Attorney General 1819–1824, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1824 [43][48]
File:1stLordLyndhurst.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 14 September 1826 1 May 1827 Solicitor General 1819–1824, Attorney General 1824–1826, Lord Chancellor 1827–1830, 1834–1835, 1841–1846 [43][49]
File:SirJohnLeach.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 3 May 1827 14 September 1834 Vice Chancellor of England 1818–1827 [43][50]
File:Charles Pepys, 1st Earl of Cottenham by Charles Robert Leslie cropped.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 29 September 1834 19 January 1836 Solicitor General 1834, Lord Chancellor 1836–1841, 1846–1850 [43][51]
File:Henry Bickersteth, Baron Langdale (19th century) by George Richmond and John Henry Robinson.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 19 January 1836 28 March 1851
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [52]
File:1stLordRomilly.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 28 March 1851 29 August 1873 Solicitor General 1848, Attorney General 1850 [52]
File:SirGeorgeJessel.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 30 August 1873 21 March 1883 Solicitor General 1871–1873 [52][53]
File:William Baliol Brett.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 3 April 1883 18 October 1897 Solicitor General 1868 [52][54]
File:LordLindley cropp.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 25 October 1897 10 May 1900
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [52][55]
File:Portrait of Richard Webster, 1st Viscount Alverstone.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 10 May 1900 22 October 1900 Lord Chief Justice 1900–1913 [52][56]
File:SirArchibaldLevinSmith.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 23 October 1900 19 October 1901
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [52]
File:LordCollins.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 19 October 1901 6 March 1907
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [52][57]
File:1stLordCozensHardy.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
(The Lord Cozens-Hardy from 1914)		 6 March 1907 30 April 1918
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [52]
File:1stLordSwinfen.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 2 May 1918 20 October 1919
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [52]
File:William Pickford.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 31 October 1919 17 August 1923 President of the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division 1918–1919 [58][59]
File:1stViscountHanworth - cropped.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
(The Lord Hanworth from 1926)		 12 October 1923 7 October 1935 Solicitor General 1919–1922, Attorney General 1922. [58][60]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 7 October 1935 27 April 1937
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [58]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 27 April 1937 1 June 1949
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [58]
Script error: No such module "Sort". (The Lord Evershed from 1956) 1 June 1949 19 April 1962
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [58]
Script error: No such module "Sort". 19 April 1962 29 September 1982
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [58]
Script error: No such module "Sort". (The Lord Donaldson of Lymington from 1988) 30 September 1982 1 October 1992
—
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".		 [58]
File:Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 October 1992 4 June 1996 Lord Chief Justice 1996–2000; Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 2000–2008 [61]
File:Preisverleihung der Toleranzringe der Europäischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste im Rathaus Köln-0061.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 4 June 1996 6 June 2000 Lord Chief Justice 2000–2005 [62]
File:Official portrait of Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers crop 2.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 6 June 2000 3 October 2005 Lord Chief Justice 2005–2008, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 2009–2012 [63]
File:Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony 2009.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
(The Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony from May 2009)		 3 October 2005 30 September 2009 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2009–2017 [64]
File:Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury 2013.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 October 2009 30 September 2012 President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2012–2017 [65]
File:Lord Dyson 2013.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". 1 October 2012 2 October 2016 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, 2010–2012 [66]
File:Sir Terence Etherton.jpg Sir Terence Etherton (The Lord Etherton from December 2020) 3 October 2016 11 January 2021 Chancellor of the High Court, 2013–2016 [67]
File:Sir Geoffrey Vos 2018.jpg Sir Geoffrey Vos 11 January 2021 Incumbent Chancellor of the High Court, 2016–2021 [67]

Peerages created for the Master of the Rolls

Since the Act of Union 1707
Master of the Rolls Title Created Current status Other Judicial Roles
Sir Lloyd Kenyon Baron Kenyon 3 June 1788 Extant Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench
Sir Richard Arden Baron Alvanley 22 May 1801 Extinct 24 June 1857 Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
Sir Robert Gifford Baron Gifford 30 January 1824 Extant Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
Sir John Copley Baron Lyndhurst 25 April 1827 Extinct 12 October 1863 Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer
Sir Charles Pepys Earl of Cottenham 11 June 1850 Extant Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
Baron Cottenham 20 January 1836
Sir Henry Bickersteth Baron Langdale 23 January 1836 Extinct 18 April 1851 None
Sir John Romilly Baron Romilly 3 January 1866 Extinct 29 June 1983 None
Sir William Brett Viscount Esher 11 November 1897 Extant None
Baron Esher 24 July 1895
Sir Nathaniel Lindley Baron Lindley as Law Lord 10 May 1900 Extinct 9 December 1921 None
Sir Richard Webster Viscount Alverstone 24 November 1913 Extinct 15 December 1915 Lord Chief Justice of England
Baron Alverstone 18 June 1900
Sir Richard Collins Baron Collins as Law Lord 6 March 1907 Extinct 3 January 1911 None
Sir Herbert Cozens-Hardy Baron Cozens-Hardy 1 July 1914 Extinct 11 September 1975 None
Sir Charles Swinfen Eady Baron Swinfen 1 November 1919 Extant None
Sir William Pickford Baron Sterndale 14 November 1918 Extinct 17 August 1923 None
Sir Ernest Pollock Viscount Hanworth 17 January 1936 Extant None
Baron Hanworth 28 January 1926
Sir Robert Wright Baron Wright as Law Lord 11 April 1932 Extinct 27 June 1964 None
Sir Wilfrid Greene Baron Greene 16 July 1941 Extinct 16 April 1952 None
Sir Raymond Evershed Baron Evershed 20 January 1956 Extinct 3 October 1966 None
Sir Tom Denning Baron Denning as Law Lord 24 April 1957 Extinct 5 March 1999 None
Sir John Donaldson Baron Donaldson of Lymington as Life Peer 15 February 1988 Extinct 31 August 2005 None
Sir Tom Bingham Baron Bingham of Cornhill as Law Lord 4 June 1996 Extinct 11 September 2010 Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Sir Harry Woolf Baron Woolf as Law Lord 1 October 1992 Extant Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Sir Nick Phillips Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers as Law Lord 12 January 1999 Extant President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
Sir Tony Clarke Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony as Life Peer 29 May 2009 Extant None
Sir David Neuberger Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury as Law Lord 11 January 2007 Extant President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Sir Terence Etherton Baron Etherton as Life Peer 23 December 2020 Extinct 6 May 2025 Chancellor of the High Court

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Sainty (1993) p. 144
  3. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 310
  4. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 316
  5. ↑ Hanworth (1935) p. 327
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  7. ↑ Records of the Master of the Rolls and the Rolls (Chapel) Office Template:Webarchive, National Archives
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Sainty (1993) p. 145
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Sainty (1993) p. 146
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 147
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h Sainty (1993) p. 148
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 149
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  29. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 150
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  36. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 151
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  43. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 152
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  52. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Sainty (1993) p. 153
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  58. ↑ a b c d e f g Sainty (1993) p. 154
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Template:Link note
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bibliography

Template:Sister project

  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Template:Judiciary of England and Wales Template:Authority control

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