Chancellor of the Exchequer
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The chancellor of the exchequer, often abbreviated to chancellor,[1] is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and the head of His Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the chancellor is a high-ranking member of the British Cabinet.
Responsible for all economic and financial matters, the role is equivalent to that of a finance minister in other countries. The chancellor is now always second lord of the Treasury as one of at least six lords commissioners of the Treasury, responsible for executing the office of the Treasurer of the ExchequerTemplate:Snd the others are the prime minister and Commons government whips. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was common for the prime minister also to serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer if he sat in the Commons; the last Chancellor who was simultaneously prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer was Stanley Baldwin in 1923. Formerly, in cases when the chancellorship was vacant, the lord chief justice of the King's Bench would act as chancellor pro tempore.[2] The last lord chief justice to serve in this way was Lord Denman in 1834.
The chancellor is the third-oldest major state office in English and British history, and in recent times has come to be the most powerful office in British politics after the prime minister. It originally carried responsibility for the Exchequer, the medieval English institution for the collection and auditing of royal revenues. The earliest surviving records which are the results of the exchequer's audit date from 1129 to 1130 under King Henry I and show continuity from previous years.[3] The chancellor has oversight of fiscal policy, therefore of taxation and public spending across government departments. It previously controlled monetary policy as well until 1997, when the Bank of England was granted independent control of its interest rates.
Since 1718, all chancellors of the exchequer, except at times the lord chief justice as interim holders, have been members of the House of Commons, with Lord Stanhope being the last chancellor from the House of Lords.
The office holder works alongside the other Treasury ministers and the permanent secretary to the Treasury. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow chancellor of the Exchequer, and the chancellor is also scrutinised by the Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson and the Treasury Select Committee.[4]
The current chancellor is Rachel Reeves.
Second Lord of the Treasury
The holder of the office of chancellor of the exchequer is ex officio second lord of the Treasury as a member of the commission exercising the ancient office of treasurer of the exchequer.[5] As second lord, her official residence is 11 Downing Street in London, next door to the residence of the first lord of the Treasury (a title that has for many years been held by the prime minister), who resides in 10 Downing Street. While in the past both houses were private residences, today they serve as interlinked offices, with the occupant living in an apartment made from attic rooms previously resided in by servants.
Since 1827, the chancellor has always simultaneously held the office of second lord of the Treasury when that person has not also been the prime minister.
Roles and responsibilities
A previous chancellor, Robert Lowe, described the office in the following terms in the House of Commons, on 11 April 1870: "The Chancellor of the Exchequer is a man whose duties make him more or less of a taxing machine. He is entrusted with a certain amount of misery which it is his duty to distribute as fairly as he can."Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Fiscal policy
The chancellor has considerable control over other departments as it is the Treasury that sets Departmental Expenditure Limits. The amount of power this gives to an individual chancellor depends on their personal forcefulness, their status within their party and their relationship with the prime minister. Gordon Brown, who became chancellor when Labour came into Government in 1997, had a large personal power base in the party. Perhaps as a result, Tony Blair chose to keep him in the same position throughout his ten years as prime minister; making Brown an unusually dominant figure and the longest-serving chancellor since the Reform Act 1832.[6] This has strengthened a pre-existing trend towards the chancellor occupying a clear second position among government ministers, elevated above their traditional peers, the foreign secretary and home secretary.
One part of the chancellor's key roles involves the framing of the annual year budget. As of 2017, the first is the Autumn Budget, also known as Budget Day which forecasts government spending in the next financial year and also announces new financial measures. The second is a Spring Statement, also known as a "mini-Budget". Britain's tax year has retained the old Julian end of year: 24 March (Old Style) / 5 April (New Style, i.e. Gregorian). From 1993, the Budget was in spring, preceded by an annual autumn statement. This was then called Pre-Budget Report. The Autumn Statement usually took place in November or December. The 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2016 budgets were all delivered on a Wednesday, summarised in a speech to the House of Commons.
The budget is a state secret until the chancellor reveals it in the speech given to Parliament. Hugh Dalton, on his way to giving the budget speech in 1947, inadvertently blurted out key details to a newspaper reporter, and they appeared in print before he made his speech. Dalton was forced to resign.[7]
Monetary policy
Although the Bank of England is responsible for setting interest rates, the chancellor also plays an important part in the monetary policy structure. They set the inflation target which the Bank must set interest rates to meet. Under the Bank of England Act 1998 the chancellor has the power of appointment of four out of nine members of the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee – the so-called 'external' members. They also have a high level of influence over the appointment of the Bank's Governor and Deputy Governors, and has the right of consultation over the appointment of the two remaining MPC members from within the Bank.[8] The Act also provides that the Government has the power to give instructions to the Bank on interest rates for a limited period in extreme circumstances. This power has never been officially used.
Ministerial arrangements
At HM Treasury the chancellor is supported by a political team of four junior ministers and by permanent civil servants. The most important junior minister is the chief secretary to the Treasury, a member of the Cabinet, to whom the negotiations with other government departments on the details of government spending are delegated, followed by the paymaster general, the financial secretary to the Treasury and the economic secretary to the Treasury. Whilst not continuously in use, there can also be appointed a commercial secretary to the Treasury and an exchequer secretary to the Treasury. Two other officials are given the title of a secretary to the Treasury, although neither is a government minister in the Treasury: the parliamentary secretary to the Treasury is the Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons; the permanent secretary to the Treasury is not a minister but the senior civil servant in the Treasury.
The chancellor is obliged to be a member of the Privy Council, and thus is styled the Right Honourable (Rt. Hon.). Because the House of Lords is excluded from financial matters by tradition confirmed by the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the office is effectively limited to members of the House of Commons; apart from the occasions when the lord chief justice of the King's Bench has acted as interim Chancellor. The last peer to hold the office was Henry Booth, 2nd Baron Delamer (created Earl of Warrington shortly after leaving office) from 9 April 1689 to 18 March 1690. The chancellor holds the formerly independent office of Master of the Mint as a subsidiary office.[9]
Perquisites of the office
Official residence
The chancellor of the Exchequer has no official London residence as such but since 1828 in their role as Second Lord of the Treasury they live in the second lord's official residence, No. 11 Downing Street.[10] In 1997, the then first and second Lords, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown respectively, swapped apartments, as the chancellor's larger apartment in No. 11 better accommodated Blair's substantial family (besides himself and his wife, he had three children under 18 upon taking office, and a fourth was born in 2000); meanwhile, Brown was then unmarried and had no children.
Dorneywood
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Dorneywood is the summer residence that is traditionally made available to the chancellor, though it is the prime minister who ultimately decides who may use it. Gordon Brown, on becoming chancellor in 1997, refused to use it and the house, which is set in Template:Convert[11] of parkland, was allocated to Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott. In 2007, it reverted to the then-chancellor, Alistair Darling.[12]
Budget box
The chancellor traditionally carries their budget speech to the House of Commons in a particular red despatch box. The so-called 'Budget Box' is identical to the cases used by all other government ministers (known as ministerial boxes or "despatch boxes") to transport their official papers, but is better known because the chancellor traditionally displays the box, containing the budget speech, to the press before leaving 11 Downing Street for the House of Commons.
The original budget box was first used by William Ewart Gladstone in 1853 and continued in use until 1965 when James Callaghan was the first chancellor to break with tradition when he used a newer box. Prior to Gladstone, a generic red despatch box of varying design and specification was used. The practice is said to have begun in the late 16th century, when Queen Elizabeth I's representative Francis Throckmorton presented the Spanish Ambassador, Bernardino de Mendoza, with a specially constructed red briefcase filled with black puddings.[13]
In July 1997, Gordon Brown became the second chancellor to use a new box for the Budget. Made by industrial trainees at Babcock Rosyth Defence Ltd ship and submarine dockyard in Fife, the new box is made of yellow pine, with a brass handle and lock, covered in scarlet leather and embossed with the Royal cypher and crest and the chancellor's title. In his first Budget, in March 2008, Alistair Darling reverted to using the original budget box and his successor, George Osborne, continued this tradition for his first budget, before announcing that it would be retired due to its fragile condition.[14] The key to the original budget box has been lost.[15]
Budget tipple
By tradition, the chancellor has been allowed to drink whatever they wish while making the annual budget speech to Parliament. This includes alcohol, which is otherwise banned under parliamentary rules.
Previous chancellors have opted for whisky (Kenneth Clarke), gin and tonic (Geoffrey Howe), brandy and water (Benjamin Disraeli and John Major), spritzer (Nigel Lawson) and sherry and beaten egg (William Gladstone).[16]
The chancellors after Clarke, Philip Hammond, George Osborne, Alistair Darling and Gordon Brown,[17] opted for water. In fact Darling drank what was named "Standard Water" in reference to, and support of, the London Evening Standard newspaper's campaign to have plain tap water available in restaurants at no charge to customers.[18]
Robe of office
The chancellor, as Master of the Mint, has a robe of office,[19] similar to that of the lord chancellor (as seen in several of the portraits depicted below). In recent times, it has only regularly been worn at coronations, but some chancellors (at least until the 1990s) have also worn it when attending the Trial of the Pyx as Master of the Mint. According to George Osborne, the robe (dating from Gladstone's time in office, and worn by the likes of Lloyd George and Churchill)[20] 'went missing' during Gordon Brown's time as chancellor.[21]
List of chancellors of the exchequer
England (Template:Circa – Template:Circa)
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| Chancellor of the Exchequer | Term of office | Monarch (Reign)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:No image.svg | Eustace of Fauconberg Bishop of LondonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Circa | — | Henry III File:Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg (1216–1272)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| File:No image.svg | John Maunsell Secretary of StateScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:Circa | — | ||
| Ralph de Leicester | before 1248 | ||||
| Edward of Westminster | 1248 | — | |||
| Albric de Fiscamp | before 1263 | ||||
| File:No image.svg | John Chishull Lord ChancellorTemplate:RefnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1263 | 1265 | ||
| File:No image.svg | Walter Giffard Bishop of Bath and WellsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1265 | 1266 | ||
| File:No image.svg | Godfrey Giffard Lord ChancellorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1266 | 1268 | ||
| File:No image.svg | John Chishull Lord ChancellorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1268 | 1269 | ||
| File:No image.svg | Richard of Middleton Archdeacon of NorthumberlandScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1269 | 1272† | ||
| Roger de la Leye | before 1283 | ||||
| Geoffrey de Neuband | Edward I File:Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg (1272–1307)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||
| Philip de Willoughby | 1283 | 1305 | |||
| File:No image.svg | John Benstead Secretary of StateScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1305 | 1306 | ||
| File:No image.svg | John Sandale Bishop of WinchesterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1307 |
1308 | Edward II File:Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg (1307–1327)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| John of Markenfield | 1309 | 1312 | |||
| File:No image.svg | John Hotham Bishop of ElyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1312 | 1316 | ||
| File:No image.svg | Hervey de Stanton | 1316 | Template:Circa | ||
| File:BishopWalterStapledon ExeterCathedral.JPG | Walter Stapledon Lord High TreasurerScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1323 | Template:Circa | ||
| File:No image.svg | Hervey de Stanton Chief Justice of the Common PleasScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1324 | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1327 | ||
| File:No image.svg | Adam de Harvington | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1327 |
1330 | Edward III File:Coat of Arms of Edward III of England (1327-1377) (Attributed).svg (1327–1377)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Refn | |
| File:No image.svg | Robert Wodehouse | 1330 | 1331 | ||
| File:Chichestercathedralrobertstratfordtomb.jpg | Robert de Stratford Bishop of ChichesterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1331 | 1334 | ||
| John Hildesle | Template:Circa | — | |||
| William de Everdon | 1341 | — | |||
| William Askeby Archdeacon of NorthamptonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1363 | — | |||
| File:No image.svg | Robert de Ashton | 1375 | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1377 | ||
| Sir Walter Barnham | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1377 |
Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1399 |
Richard II File:Coat of Arms of Richard II of England (1377-1399).svg (1377–1399)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| File:No image.svg | Henry Somer MP for MiddlesexScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1410 | 1437 | Henry IV File:Coat of Arms of Henry IV of England (1399-1413).svg (1399–1413)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Henry V File:Coat of Arms of Henry IV & V of England (1413-1422).svg (1413–1422)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
| Template:Zwsp | Henry VI File:Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg (1422–1461)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Refn | ||||
| File:No image.svg | John Somerset | 1441 | 1447 | ||
| File:No image.svg | Thomas Browne MP for DoverScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1440? | 1450? | ||
| File:No image.svg | Thomas Witham | 1454 | — | ||
| File:No image.svg | Thomas Thwaites | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1461 |
— | Edward IV File:Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg (1461–1470)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| File:No image.svg | Thomas Witham | 1465 | 1469 | ||
| Template:Zwsp | Richard Fowler | 1469 | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1471 | ||
| Henry VI File:Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg (1470–1471)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
| File:No image.svg | Thomas Thwaites Chancellor of the Duchy of LancasterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1471 |
Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1483 |
Edward IV File:Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg (1471–1483)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| File:William Catesby, memorial brass.jpg | William Catesby Speaker of the House of CommonsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1483 |
Template:Circa | Edward V File:Coat of Arms of Edward V of England (1483).svg (1483)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Refn | |
| Richard III File:Coat of Arms of Richard III of England (1483-1485).svg (1483–1485)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
| File:Sir Thomas Lovell, bronze medallion.jpg | Thomas Lovell Speaker of the House of CommonsTemplate:RefnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1485 |
1524 | Henry VII File:Coat of Arms of Henry VII of England (1485-1509).svg (1485–1509)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| Template:Zwsp | Henry VIII File:Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554) - Dragon with pizzle.png (1509–1547)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Refn | ||||
| File:John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners by Ambrosius Benson.jpg | John Bourchier 2nd Baron Berners |
1524 | 1533? | ||
| File:Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg | Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl of Essex Secretary of State |
12 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1533 |
10 JuneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1540 | ||
| Template:Zwsp | John Baker MP for KentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1545 | Template:CircaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1558 | ||
| File:SirJohnBaker.jpg | |||||
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| Mary I File:Coat of Arms of England (1554-1558).svg (1553–1558)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
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Template:Refend Template:Reflist
England (Template:Circa – 1708)
| Chancellor of the ExchequerTemplate:Efn | Term of office | Monarch (Reign)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:No image.svg | Richard Sackville[22] MP for SussexScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1559 |
21 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1566† |
Elizabeth I File:Coat of Arms of England (1558-1603).svg (1558–1603)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| File:Walter Mildmay.jpg | Walter MildmayTemplate:R MP for NorthamptonshireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1566 | 31 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1589† | |||
| File:Sir John Fortescue by Sidney Hunt.jpg | John FortescueTemplate:R Template:Smalldiv |
1589 | 1603 | |||
| File:George Home 1st Earl of Dunbar.jpg | George Home 1st Earl of DunbarTemplate:R |
24 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1603 |
AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1606 |
James I File:Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg (1603–1625)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||
| File:Unknown man, formerly known as Sir Julius Caesar from NPG.jpg | Julius CaesarTemplate:R MP for MiddlesexScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
11 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1606 |
1614 | |||
| File:Fulkegrevillee.jpg | Fulke GrevilleTemplate:R MP for WarwickshireTemplate:RefnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
15 OctoberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1614 |
1621 | |||
| File:RichardWeston.jpg | Richard WestonTemplate:R MP for 7 constituencies successivelyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
29 JanuaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1621 |
15 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1628 | |||
| Charles I File:Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg (1625–1649)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||||
| File:No image.svg | Edward Barrett 1st Lord Barrett of NewburghTemplate:R |
14 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1628 |
1629 | |||
| File:Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington from NPG.jpg | Francis Cottington 1st Baron CottingtonTemplate:R |
18 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1629 |
6 JanuaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1642 | |||
| File:1stLordColepeper.jpg | John ColepeperTemplate:R MP for KentScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
6 JanuaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1642 |
22 FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1643 | |||
| File:Peter Lely (1618-1680) (after) - Sir Edward Hyde (1609–1674), 1st Earl of Clarendon - 1257076 - National Trust.jpg | Edward HydeTemplate:R | FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1643 |
1646 | |||
| Vacancy during the Interregnum (1649–1660) | ||||||
| Chancellor of the ExchequerTemplate:Efn | Term of office | Ministry | Monarch (Reign)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
| File:Peter Lely (1618-1680) (after) - Sir Edward Hyde (1609–1674), 1st Earl of Clarendon - 1257076 - National Trust.jpg | Edward Hyde 1st Baron HydeTemplate:R |
1660 | 13 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1661 |
Clarendon | Charles II File:Coat of Arms of England (1660-1689).svg (1660–1685)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| File:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.jpg | Anthony Ashley Cooper 1st Baron AshleyTemplate:R |
13 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1661 |
22 NovemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1672 | |||
| Cabal | ||||||
| File:No image.svg | John DuncombeTemplate:R MP for Bury St EdmundsScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 NovemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1672 |
2 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1676 | |||
| Danby I | ||||||
| Template:Zwsp | John ErnleTemplate:R MP for 4 constituencies successivelyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
2 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1676 |
9 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1689 | |||
| Privy Council | ||||||
| Template:Zwsp | Chits | |||||
| James II File:Coat of Arms of England (1660-1689).svg (1685–1688)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||||
| Template:Zwsp | William III & Mary II File:Coat of Arms of England (1689-1694).svg (1689–1694)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||||
| File:Henrybooth.jpg | Henry Booth 2nd Baron DelamerTemplate:R |
9 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1689 |
18 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1690 |
Carmarthen–Halifax | ||
| File:No image.svg | Richard HampdenTemplate:R MP for BuckinghamshireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
18 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1690 |
10 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1694 |
Carmarthen | ||
| File:Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg | Charles MontaguTemplate:R Template:Smalldiv |
10 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1694 |
31 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1699 |
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig Junto I | ||
| William III File:Coat of arms of England (1694–1702).svg (1694–1702)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||||
| File:John Smith, Speaker of the House of Commons.jpg | John SmithTemplate:R MP for AndoverScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
31 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1699 |
23 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1701 |
Pembroke | ||
| Template:Zwsp | Henry BoyleTemplate:R Template:Smalldiv |
27 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1701 |
22 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1708 | |||
| File:Henry Boyle Lord Carleton by Godfrey Kneller.jpg | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Godolphin–Marlborough (Tory–Whig)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
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Great Britain (1708–1817)
| Chancellor of the ExchequerTemplate:Efn | Term of office | Party | Ministry | Monarch (Reign)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:John Smith, Speaker of the House of Commons.jpg | John SmithTemplate:R MP for AndoverScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1708 |
11 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1710 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Godolphin–Marlborough (Tory–Whig)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Anne File:Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg (1702–1714)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Robert Harley Chancellor of the Exchequer by Kneller.jpg | Robert HarleyTemplate:R MP for RadnorScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
11 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1710 |
4 JuneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1711 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Tories rowspan=4 | Oxford–Bolingbroke | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Bingley.jpg | Robert BensonTemplate:R MP for YorkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
4 JuneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1711 |
21 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1713 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom:none" | | File:Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Bt by Jonathan Richardson.jpg | William WyndhamTemplate:R MP for SomersetScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
21 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1713 |
13 OctoberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1714 |
Template:Party shading/Tories rowspan=2 | Tory | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-top:none" | | George I File:Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg (1714–1727)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Refn | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Richardonslow.jpg | Richard OnslowTemplate:R MP for SurreyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 OctoberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1714 |
12 OctoberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1715 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Whigs rowspan=2 | Townshend | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Robertwalpole cropped.jpg | Robert WalpoleTemplate:R MP for King's LynnScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
12 OctoberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1715 |
15 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1717 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg | James Stanhope 1st Earl StanhopeTemplate:R |
15 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1717 |
20 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1718 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Whigs | Stanhope–Sunderland I | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:JohnAislabie.jpg | John AislabieTemplate:R MP for RiponScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
20 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1718 |
23 JanuaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1721 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Whigs rowspan=2| Stanhope–Sunderland II | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Sir John Pratt by Michael Dahl.jpg | John PrattTemplate:R Lord Chief Justice (interim)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
2 FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1721 |
3 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1721 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| height=20 style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom: none" | | File:Robertwalpole cropped.jpg | Robert Walpole 1st Earl of OrfordTemplate:R MP for King's LynnTemplate:Refn |
3 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1721 |
12 FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1742 |
rowspan=3 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Walpole–Townshend | |
| height=20 style="background-color:Template:Party color; border: none" | | George II File:Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg (1727–1760)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||||
| height=20 style="background-color:Template:Party color; border: none" | | Template:Party shading/Whigs | Walpole | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:1stLordSandys.jpg | Samuel SandysTemplate:R MP for WorcesterScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
12 FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1742 |
12 DecemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1743 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Carteret | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border:none" |Template:Zwsp | File:Henry Pelham by William Hoare.jpg | Henry PelhamTemplate:R MP for SussexScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
12 DecemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1743 |
8 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1754† |
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border:none" | | Template:Party shading/Whigs | Broad Bottom (I & II)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Sir William Lee by C.F. Barker.jpg | William LeeTemplate:R Lord Chief Justice (interim)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
8 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1754 |
6 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1754 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | rowspan=3 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Newcastle I | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:HenryBilsonLegge.jpg | Henry Bilson-LeggeTemplate:R MP for OrfordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
6 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1754 |
25 NovemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1755 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Lyttlelton.jpg | George LytteltonTemplate:R MP for OkehamptonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
25 NovemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1755 |
16 NovemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1756 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:HenryBilsonLegge.jpg | Henry Bilson-LeggeTemplate:R MP for OrfordScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
16 NovemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1756 |
13 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1757 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Whigs rowspan=2 | Pitt–Devonshire | |
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:William Murray, Earl of Mansfield LCJ.jpg | William Murray 1st Earl of MansfieldTemplate:R Lord Chief Justice (interim) |
13 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1757 |
2 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1757 |
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| Template:Party shading/Whigs | 1757 Caretaker | |||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-bottom:none" | | File:HenryBilsonLegge.jpg | Henry Bilson-LeggeTemplate:R Template:Smalldiv |
2 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1757 |
19 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1761 |
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | rowspan=3 Template:Party shading/Whigs | Pitt–Newcastle | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border-top:none" | | George III File:Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg (1760–1820)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Refn | ||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:2ndViscountBarrington.jpg | William Barrington 2nd Viscount BarringtonTemplate:R MP for PlymouthScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
19 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1761 |
29 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1762 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Francis Baron le Despencer by Nathaniel Dance-Holland.jpg | Francis DashwoodTemplate:R MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis |
29 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1762 |
16 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1763 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Bute (Tory–Whig)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:George Grenville (1712–1770) by William Hoare (1707-1792) Cropped.jpg | George GrenvilleTemplate:R MP for BuckinghamScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
16 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1763 |
16 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1765 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Grenville (Whig–Tory)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:No image.svg | William DowdeswellTemplate:R MP for WorcestershireScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
16 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1765 |
2 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1766 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Whigs | Rockingham I | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Charles Townshend after Reynolds.jpg | Charles TownshendTemplate:R MP for HarwichScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
2 AugustScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1766 |
4 SeptemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1767† |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Chatham (Whig–Tory)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color; border:none" |Template:Zwsp | File:Nathaniel Dance Lord North cropped cropped.jpg | Frederick North Lord NorthTemplate:R MP for BanburyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
11 SeptemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1767 |
27 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1782 |
rowspan=3 Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | ||
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color; border:none" | | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Grafton | ||||||
| Template:Party shading/Tories | North | |||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Lord John Cavendish by GD Tomlinson.jpg | Lord John CavendishTemplate:R MP for YorkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
27 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1782 |
10 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1782 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Whigs | Rockingham II | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:William Pitt the Younger.jpg | William Pitt the YoungerTemplate:R MP for ApplebyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
10 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1782 |
31 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1783 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Shelburne (Whig–Tory)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Lord John Cavendish by GD Tomlinson.jpg | Lord John CavendishTemplate:R MP for YorkScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
2 AprilScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1783 |
19 DecemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1783 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | Fox–North | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:William Pitt the Younger.jpg | William Pitt the YoungerTemplate:R Template:Smalldiv |
19 DecemberScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1783 |
14 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1801 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Tories | Pitt I | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Henry Addington by Beechey.jpg | Henry AddingtonTemplate:R MP for DevizesScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
14 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1801 |
10 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1804 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Tories | Addington | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:William Pitt the Younger.jpg | William Pitt the YoungerTemplate:R MP for Cambridge UniversityScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
10 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1804 |
23 JanuaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1806† |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Tories | Pitt II | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Lord-ellenborough.jpg | Edward Law 1st Baron EllenboroughTemplate:R Lord Chief Justice (interim) |
23 JanuaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1806 |
5 FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1806 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Coalition (UK) | All the Talents (Whig–Tory)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | |
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Henry Walton (1746-1813) - Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne - NPG 178 - National Portrait Gallery.jpg | Lord Henry Petty-FitzmauriceTemplate:R MP for Cambridge UniversityScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
5 FebruaryScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1806 |
26 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1807 |
Template:Party shading/Whigs | Whig | ||
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Spencer PercevalCE.jpg | Spencer PercevalTemplate:R MP for NorthamptonScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
26 MarchScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1807 |
11 MayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1812† |
rowspan=2 Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Tories | Portland II | |
| Template:Party shading/Tories | Perceval | |||||||
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | File:Nicholas Vansittart by William Owen.jpg | Nicholas Vansittart[23] Template:Smalldiv |
9 JuneScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1812 |
12 JulyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1817 |
Template:Party shading/Tories | Tory | Template:Party shading/Tories | Liverpool | |
.svg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
_by_William_Hoare_(1707-1792)_Cropped.jpg){kind=link}
_-_Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne_-_NPG_178_-_National_Portrait_Gallery.jpg){kind=link}
United Kingdom (1817–present)
Although the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland had been united by the Acts of Union 1800, the Exchequers of the two Kingdoms were not consolidated until 1817 under the Consolidated Fund Act 1816 (56 Geo. 3. c. 98).[24][25] For the holders of the Irish office before this date, see Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland.
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.svg){kind=link}
_.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
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.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
.svg){kind=link}
.jpg){kind=link}
_(cropped).jpg){kind=link}
Timeline
1817–present
<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:12 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal AlignBars = late PlotArea = width:90% left:20 top:10 bottom:90 Legend = columns:4 left:120 top:55 columnwidth:160
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1817 till:31/12/2025 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
Colors =
id:tory value:rgb(0.2,0.2,0.8) legend: Tory id:whig value:rgb(1,0.5,0) legend: Whig id:conservative value:rgb(0,0.53,0.86) legend: Conservative id:peelite value:rgb(0.6,1,0.6) legend: Peelite id:liberal value:rgb(1,0.84,0) legend: Liberal id:libunionist value:rgb(0,0.2,0.56) legend: Liberal_Unionist id:labour value:rgb(0.86,0.08,0.18) legend: Labour id:natlabour value:rgb(0,0.5,0) legend: National_Labour id:natliberal value:rgb(0.3,0.73,0.96) legend: National_Liberal id:independent value:rgb(0.6,0.6,0.6) legend: Independent_or_no_party id:liteline value:gray(0.8) id:line value:rgb(0.3,0.3,0.3)
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Define $now = 15/12/2025
TextData =
pos:(20,60) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"
BarData =
bar:Vansittart bar:JohnRobinson bar:Canning bar:Abbott bar:CharlesHerries bar:Goulburn bar:Spencer bar:Denman bar:Peel bar:SpringRice bar:Baring bar:CWood bar:Disraeli bar:Gladstone bar:CornewallLewis bar:WardHunt bar:Lowe bar:Northcote bar:Childers bar:HicksBeach bar:Hardcourt bar:RChurchill bar:Goschen bar:Ritchie bar:AChamberlain bar:Asquith bar:LloydGeorge bar:McKenna bar:BonarLaw bar:Horne bar:Baldwin bar:NChamberlain bar:Snowden bar:Churchill bar:Simon bar:KWood bar:Anderson bar:Dalton bar:Cripps bar:Gaitskell bar:Butler bar:Macmillan bar:Thorneycroft bar:Heathcoat-Amory bar:Lloyd bar:Maudling bar:Callaghan bar:Jenkins bar:Macleod bar:Barber bar:Healey bar:Howe bar:Lawson bar:Major bar:Lamont bar:Clarke bar:Brown bar:Darling bar:Osborne bar:Hammond bar:Javid bar:Sunak bar:Zahawi bar:Kwarteng bar:Hunt bar:Reeves
PlotData=
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:Vansittart from: 12/07/1817 till: 31/01/1823 color:tory text:"Nicholas Vansittart" bar:JohnRobinson from: 31/01/1823 till: 27/04/1827 color:tory text:"Frederick John Robinson" bar:Canning from: 27/04/1827 till: 08/08/1827 color:tory text:"George Canning" bar:Abbott from: 08/08/1827 till: 05/09/1827 color:tory text:"Charles Abbott bar:CharlesHerries from: 05/09/1827 till: 26/01/1828 color:tory text:"John Charles Herries" bar:Goulburn from: 26/01/1828 till: 22/11/1830 color:tory from: 03/09/1841 till: 30/08/1846 color:conservative text:"Henry Goulburn" bar:Spencer from: 22/11/1830 till: 14/11/1834 color:whig text:"John Spencer" bar:Denman from: 14/11/1834 till: 15/12/1834 color:whig text:"Thomas Denman" bar:Peel from: 15/12/1834 till: 08/04/1835 color:conservative text:"Robert Peel" bar:SpringRice from: 18/04/1835 till: 26/08/1839 color:whig text:"Thomas Spring Rice" bar:Baring from: 26/08/1839 till: 30/08/1841 color:whig text:"Francis Baring" bar:CWood from: 06/07/1846 till: 21/02/1852 color:whig text:"Charles Wood" bar:Disraeli from: 27/02/1852 till: 17/12/1852 color:conservative from: 26/02/1858 till: 11/06/1859 color:conservative from: 06/07/1866 till: 29/02/1868 color:conservative text:"Benjamin Disraeli" bar:Gladstone from: 28/12/1852 till: 28/02/1855 color:peelite from: 18/06/1859 till: 26/06/1866 color:liberal from: 11/08/1873 till: 17/02/1874 color:liberal from: 28/04/1880 till: 16/12/1882 color:liberal text:"William Ewart Gladstone" bar:CornewallLewis from: 28/02/1855 till: 21/02/1858 color:whig text:"George Cornewall Lewis" bar:WardHunt from: 29/02/1868 till: 01/12/1868 color:conservative text:"George Ward Hunt" bar:Lowe from: 09/12/1868 till: 11/08/1873 color:liberal text:"Robert Lowe" bar:Northcote from: 21/02/1874 till: 21/04/1880 color:conservative text:"Stafford Northcote" bar:Childers from: 16/12/1882 till: 09/06/1885 color:liberal text:"Hugh Childers" bar:HicksBeach from: 24/06/1885 till: 28/01/1886 color:conservative from: 29/06/1895 till: 11/08/1902 color:conservative text:"Michael Hicks Beach bar:Hardcourt from: 06/02/1886 till: 20/07/1886 color:liberal from: 18/08/1892 till: 21/06/1895 color:liberal text:"William Hardcourt bar:RChurchill from: 03/08/1886 till: 22/12/1886 color:conservative text:"Randolph Churchill" bar:Goschen from: 14/01/1887 till: 11/08/1892 color:libunionist text:"George Goschen" bar:Ritchie from: 11/08/1902 till: 09/10/1903 color:conservative text:"Charles Ritchie" bar:AChamberlain from: 09/10/1903 till: 04/12/1905 color:libunionist from: 10/01/1919 till: 01/04/1921 color:conservative text:"Austin Chamberlain" bar:Asquith from: 10/12/1905 till: 16/04/1908 color:liberal text:"H. H. Asquith" bar:LloydGeorge from: 16/04/1908 till: 25/05/1915 color:liberal text:"David Lloyd George" bar:McKenna from: 25/05/1915 till: 10/12/1916 color:liberal text:"Reginald McKenna" bar:BonarLaw from: 10/12/1916 till: 10/01/1919 color:conservative text:"Bonar Law" bar:Horne from: 01/04/1921 till: 27/10/1922 color:conservative text:"Robert Horne" bar:Baldwin from: 27/10/1922 till: 27/08/1923 color:conservative text:"Stanley Baldwin" bar:NChamberlain from: 27/08/1923 till: 22/01/1924 color:conservative from: 05/11/1931 till: 28/05/1937 color:conservative text:"Neville Chamberlain" bar:Snowden from: 22/01/1924 till: 03/11/1924 color:labour from: 07/06/1929 till: 24/08/1931 color:labour from: 24/08/1931 till: 05/11/1931 color:natlabour text:"Philip Snowden bar:Churchill from: 06/11/1924 till: 04/06/1929 color:conservative text:"Winston Churchill" bar:Simon from: 28/05/1937 till: 12/05/1940 color:natliberal text:"John Simon" bar:KWood from: 12/05/1940 till: 21/09/1943 color:conservative text:"Kingsley Wood" bar:Anderson from: 24/09/1943 till: 26/07/1945 color:independent text:"John Anderson" bar:Dalton from: 27/07/1945 till: 13/11/1947 color:labour text:"Hugh Dalton" bar:Cripps from: 13/11/1947 till: 19/10/1950 color:labour text:"Stafford Cripps" bar:Gaitskell from: 19/10/1950 till: 26/10/1951 color:labour text:"Hugh Gaitskell" bar:Butler from: 26/10/1951 till: 20/12/1955 color:conservative text:"Rab Butler" bar:Macmillan from: 20/12/1955 till: 13/01/1957 color:conservative text:"Harold Macmillan" bar:Thorneycroft from: 13/01/1957 till: 06/01/1958 color:conservative text:"Peter Thorneycroft" bar:Heathcoat-Amory from: 06/01/1958 till: 27/07/1960 color:conservative text:"Derick Heathcoat-Amory" bar:Lloyd from: 27/07/1960 till: 13/07/1962 color:conservative text:"Selwyn Lloyd" bar:Maudling from: 16/07/1962 till: 16/10/1964 color:conservative text:"Reginald Maudling" bar:Callaghan from: 17/10/1964 till: 29/11/1967 color:labour text:"James Callaghan" bar:Jenkins from: 29/11/1967 till: 19/06/1970 color:labour text:"Roy Jenkins" bar:Macleod from: 20/06/1970 till: 20/07/1970 color:conservative text:"Iain Macleod" bar:Barber from: 25/07/1970 till: 04/03/1974 color:conservative text:"Anthony Barber" bar:Healey from: 05/03/1974 till: 04/05/1979 color:labour text:"Denis Healey" bar:Howe from: 04/05/1979 till: 11/06/1983 color:conservative text:"Geoffrey Howe" bar:Lawson from: 11/06/1983 till: 26/10/1989 color:conservative text:"Nigel Lawson" bar:Major from: 26/10/1989 till: 28/11/1990 color:conservative text:"John Major" bar:Lamont from: 28/11/1990 till: 27/05/1993 color:conservative text:"Norman Lamont" bar:Clarke from: 27/05/1993 till: 02/05/1997 color:conservative text:"Kenneth Clarke" bar:Brown from: 02/05/1997 till: 27/06/2007 color:labour text:"Gordon Brown" bar:Darling from: 28/06/2007 till: 11/05/2010 color:labour text:"Alistair Darling" bar:Osborne from: 11/05/2010 till: 13/07/2016 color:conservative text:"George Osborne" bar:Hammond from: 13/07/2016 till: 24/07/2019 color:conservative text:"Philip Hammond" bar:Javid from: 24/07/2019 till: 13/02/2020 color:conservative text:"Sajid Javid" bar:Sunak from: 13/02/2020 till: 05/07/2022 color:conservative text:"Rishi Sunak" bar:Zahawi from: 05/07/2022 till: 06/09/2022 color:conservative text:"Nadhim Zahawi" bar:Kwarteng from: 06/09/2022 till: 14/10/2022 color:conservative text:"Kwasi Kwarteng" bar:Hunt from: 14/10/2022 till: 05/07/2024 color:conservative text:"Jeremy Hunt" bar:Reeves from: 05/07/2024 till: $now color:labour text:"Rachel Reeves"
</timeline>
See also
Script error: No such module "Portal".
Notes
References
Further reading
- Barber, Stephen. "'Westminster's wingman'? Shadow chancellor as a strategic and coveted political role." British Politics 11.2 (2016): 184–204.
- Baxter, Stephen B. The Development of the Treasury, 1660–1702 (1957) online
- Browning, Peter. The Treasury and Economic Policy: 1964–1985 (Longman, 1986).
- Dell, Edmund. The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945–90 (HarperCollins, 1997) 619pp; 17 chapters covering the terms of each chancellor.
- Holt, Richard. Second Amongst Equals: Chancellors of the Exchequer and the British Economy (Profile Books, 2001).
- Jenkins, Roy. The Chancellors (1998); 497pp; covers entire career as well as term in office of 19 chancellors from 1886 to 1947.
- Kynaston, David. The chancellor of the exchequer (T. Dalton, 1980).
- Peden, G. C. The Treasury and British Public Policy, 1906–1959 (Oxford UP, 2000). online
- Seldon, Anthony. The Impossible Office? The History of the British Prime Minister (2021) excerpt major scholarly history. Covers the relations with Prime Minister in Chapter 9.
- Vincent, Nicholas C. "The Origins of the Chancellorship of the Exchequer." English Historical Review 108.426 (1993): 105–121. in JSTOR
- Woodward, Nicholas. The management of the British economy, 1945–2001 (Manchester University Press, 2004).
External links
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Cbignore
- ↑ Joseph Haydn, Horace Ockerby (ed.): The Book of Dignities, 3rd edition, Part III (Political and Official), p. 164. W.H. Allen & Co., London 1894, reprinted by Firecrest Publishing Ltd, Pancakes, 1969.
- ↑ Chrimes, Administrative History, pp. 62–63.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Ben Pimlott, Hugh Dalton (1985) pp 524–48.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:Cite act
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".