Marnes de Dives

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "check for unknown parameters". The Marnes de Dives is a geological formation in Normandy, France. It dates back to the upper part of the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic.[1] And is partially equivalent to the Oxford Clay in England. It predominantly consists of ooidal marl, rich in pyrite and lignite, interbedded with thin limestone horizons.[2] It is best exposed at the base of the Falaises des Vaches Noires (Cliffs of Black Cows) as well as the foreshore at low tide. It is known for its fossils, notably those of ammonites, marine crocodiles and fragmentary remains of dinosaurs, mostly theropods.

File:Falaises des Vaches Noires panorama.JPG
Panorama of the Falaises des Vaches Noires

Vertebrate fauna

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs of the Marnes de Dives
Taxa Species Presence Description Images
Piveteausaurus[1] P. divesensis Vaches Noires

Braincase.[3]

File:Piveteausaurus divesensis skull 5.jpg
Streptospondylus S. altdorfensis Vaches Noires[4] Megalosaurid dinosaur. Originally a chimera of dinosaur and marine crocodile material. redefined to solely refer to the syntype dinosaur material consisting of "several vertebrae series, single vertebrae, a partial left pubis and limb elements". May be from the overlying Marnes de Villers, but the Marnes de Dives is much more productive and was better exposed when it was collected in the 18th century.
File:Streptospondylus altdorfensis.JPG
Sauropoda Indeterminate Vaches Noires Remains consist of a single vertebra, destroyed in 1944, may be from the overlying Marnes de Villers[5]
Stegosauria Indeterminate Vaches Noires Remains consist of 2 associated vertebra in hard limestone[6]
Theropoda[1] Indeterminate Vaches Noires Multiple taxa represented, including indeterminate megalosaurid material possibly referrable to the two named taxa alongside fragmentary remains of Allosauroids,[7] Including dentary and maxilla fragments. Other theropod remains include an associated braincase and frontal.[8][9] Allosauroid material bears similarities to metriacanthosaurids. Material is of unclear stratigraphic provenance, and may belong to overlying cliff strata.[10]

Crocodyliformes

Crocodyliformes of the Marnes de Dives
Taxa Species Presence Description Images
Tyrannoneustes[11] T. lythrodectikos Vaches Noires A geosaurine metriorhynchid
Metriorhynchus M. geoffroyii Vaches Noires A metriorhynchine metriorhynchid
Neosteneosaurus N. edwardsi Villers-sur-Mer A machimosaurid thalattosuchian
File:Neosteneosaurus.png
Proexochokefalos P. heberti Villers-sur-Mer A machimosaurid thalattosuchian
File:Proexochokefalos.png
Thalattosuchus[12] T. superciliosus Villers-sur-Mer A metriorhynchine metriorhynchid File:Metriorhynchus superciliosum.jpg

Icthyosaurs

Ichthyosaurs of the Marnes de Dives
Taxa Species Presence Description Images
Ophthalmosaurus Indeterminate[13] Vaches Noires A ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur

Fish

Fish of the Marnes de Dives[14]
Taxa Species Presence Description Images
Leedsichthys[15] L. problematicus Vaches Noires A giant pachycormiform fish, may be from overlying Marnes de Villiers
Trachymetopon Indeterminate A giant coelacanth
cf. Hypsocormus Indeterminate A pachycormid fish
Pycnodontiformes Indeterminate
Lepidotidae Indeterminate A ginglymodian
Ichthyodectiformes Indeterminate A stem-group teleost

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Middle Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 538–541. Template:ISBN.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ "Table 4.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 73.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ A. Bigot Vertèbre de Cetiosaurus de l’Oxfordien de Dives Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 9 (1895), p. XXXIII
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Un metatarsien de dinosaure theropode dans le Jurassique des Falaises des Vaches Noires (Calvados, Normandie, France). Bulletin Sciences et Geologie Normandes 1:49-53
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ E. Buffetaut, J. Enos Un nouveau fragment crânien de dinosaure théropode du Jurassique des Vaches Noires (Normandie, France) remarques sur la diversité des théropodes jurassiques européens C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. II, 314 (1992), pp. 217-222
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Simon Beaufils (2022) Composition et réseau trophique de l'ichtyofaune du Jurassique moyen (Callovien) des Vaches Noires, Calvados, Normandie
  15. ↑ J. J. Liston and D. Gendry. 2015. Le Python de Caen, les algues géantes d'Amblie, et austres spécimens perdus de Leedsichthys d'Alexandre Bourienne, Jules Morière, Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps et Alexandre Bigot. L'Echo des falaises 19:17-34

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