Livvi-Karelian language
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Template:Infobox ethnonymLivvi-Karelian[1] (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Template:Langx)[1][2] is a supradialect of Karelian, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,[3] spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River.
The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
History
Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia.
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.[4] Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rnd. | urnd. | rnd. | urnd. | |
| Close | Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| Mid | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| Open | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||
| voiced | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| voiced | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (Script error: No such module "IPA".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | (Script error: No such module "IPA".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| voiced | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||||
| Nasal | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | (Script error: No such module "IPA".) | ||||
| Approximant | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| Rhotic | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||||
- Consonants may also occur as geminated or long Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Sounds Script error: No such module "IPA". are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
- Script error: No such module "IPA". can have allophones of Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Script error: No such module "IPA". is heard as Script error: No such module "IPA". when preceding Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Palatalization Script error: No such module "IPA". may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels Script error: No such module "IPA"..[5]
Alphabet
Livvi-Karelian uses the Latin alphabet and has the following letters in its alphabet, which is called the Karelian alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Zz, Žž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy, Ää, Öö.[6]
Until 2007, the ü letter was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.[7]
Grammar
Livvi-Karelian and its grammatical cases are quite similar to the Finnish language and other related Finnic languages.
The word 'food' in Livvi-Karelian cases:[8]
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| gen. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| par. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ine. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ill. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ela. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ade. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| abe. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| all. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| abl. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ess. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| tra. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| com. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| prol. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| term. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| approx. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| acc. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
Common phrases
Hello! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
How are you? - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Good night! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Good afternoon! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Do you speak Karelian? - Script error: No such module "Lang".
I'm sorry. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
You're welcome. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
I love you. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Goodbye. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
My name is ... - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Excuse me. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Help! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Cheers! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Right. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Left. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Yes. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
No.. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
One. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Two. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Three. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Four. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Five. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
See also
References
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Oma Mua – a weekly newspaper in Olonets Karelian Template:Webarchive
- Livvi language resources at Giellatekno
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ "Karelian Language", at the website about livvic culture
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