List of solar telescopes

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Template:Short description Ground-based solar telescopes are specialized telescopes used to observe the Sun from Earth's surface. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as coelostats, lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronagraphs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

Ground telescopes

Optical telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Aperture Year(s) Location Country(s) Note(s)
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) File:Haleakala Observatory 2017.jpg 400 cm 2019– Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaii, United States Script error: No such module "flag". [1][2][3][4]
Chinese Large Solar Telescope (CLST) 180 cm 2019– Chengdu, Sichuan, China Script error: No such module "flag". First light 10 December 2019[5]
GREGOR, Teide Observatory File:Solar Telescope GREGOR.jpg 150 cm 2012– Tenerife, Spain Script error: No such module "flag". [6]
Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory File:GST dome.jpg 160 cm 2008– California, United States Script error: No such module "flag".
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory 100 cm 2010– Yunnan, China Script error: No such module "flag". 100 cm vacuum solar telescope[7]
Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory File:BST1-CrAO Crimea Ukraine.JPG 90 cm 1954– Crimea
Multi-Purpose Automated Solar Telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory 80 cm Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia Script error: No such module "flag". Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.[8]
Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory File:Большой Солнечный Вакуумный Телескоп (БСВТ).jpg 76 cm 1980– Irkutsk Oblast, Russia Script error: No such module "flag". Located on the Coast of Lake Baikal.[8]
Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, Nanjing University 3x27.5 cm 2010– Nanjing, China Script error: No such module "flag". The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.[9]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,[10] Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory Bulgaria 100 cm 2005– Rozhen, Bulgaria Script error: No such module "flag".
Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), Roque de los Muchachos Observatory File:Swedish Solar Telescope.jpg 100 cm 2002– La Palma, Spain Script error: No such module "flag". [11]
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO)[12] File:PVSO Dome.jpg 35 cm 1999– Texas, United States Script error: No such module "flag".
Upgraded Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (UCOMP) 20 cm 2021– Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States Script error: No such module "flag".
K-Coronagraph (K-COR) 20 cm 2013– Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States Script error: No such module "flag".
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), Roque de los Muchachos Observatory File:Dutch Open Telescope dome closed.jpg 45 cm 1997– La Palma, Spain Script error: No such module "flag".
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Observatory File:Teide Observatorium THEMIS.jpg 90 cm 1996– Tenerife, Spain Script error: No such module "flag". and Script error: No such module "flag".
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Teide Observatory File:Teide Observatorium VTT.jpg 70 cm 1989– Tenerife, Spain Script error: No such module "flag". [13]
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope (ja) 60 cm 1979– Takayama, Gifu, Japan Script error: No such module "flag". [14]
Udaipur Solar Observatory
MAST
Full Disk H-alpha Telescope
H-alpha Spar Telescope
Coudé Telescope		 File:Udaipur observatory.jpg
50 cm
15 cm
25 cm
15 cm		 1976– Udaipur, India Script error: No such module "flag".
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST), Sacramento Peak File:National solar observatory.jpg 76 cm 1969– Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, United States Script error: No such module "flag".
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon File:Solar Observatory Tower Meudon Spectrograph.jpeg 60 cm 1968– Meudon, France Script error: No such module "flag".
McMath–Pierce solar telescope, KPO File:McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope.jpg 161 cm 1961– Arizona, United States Script error: No such module "flag". Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades
ARIES Observatory 15 cm 1961– Nainital, India Script error: No such module "flag".
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory File:Kodaikanal Solar Observatory-b.jpg 61 cm 1958– Kodaikanal, India Script error: No such module "flag". [15]
45-cm-Turmteleskop 45 cm 1943– Schauinsland, Germany Script error: No such module "flag".
Gregory Coudé Telescope File:IRSOL observatory.jpg 45 cm 1959- Locarno, Switzerland Template:SWI Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by IRSOL after 1984.
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss 45 cm 1930– Tokyo, Japan Script error: No such module "flag". [16]
Einsteinturm File:Einsteinturm 7443.jpg 60 cm 1924– Potsdam, Germany Script error: No such module "flag".
150-foot tower, Mount Wilson Observatory File:The 150-Foot Solar Tower Observatory on Mt. Wilson as seen from near the base.jpg 30 cm 1912– California, United States Script error: No such module "flag". [1]
Snow Solar Telescope, Mount Wilson Observatory 61 cm 1904– California, United States Script error: No such module "flag". First solar telescope[17]
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory File:Kodaikanal Solar Observatory-a.jpg 20 cm 1901– Kodaikanal, India Script error: No such module "flag". (1947- )
Script error: No such module "flag". (1901–1950)
Template:Ill 2x7.6 cm 2016 Antarctica Script error: No such module "flag". [18]
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, Roque de los Muchachos Observatory 47.5 cm 1985–2000 La Palma, Spain Script error: No such module "flag". Replaced by the SST
Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT) 45 cm[1] 1984–2002 Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002) Script error: No such module "flag". Replaced by GREGOR[19][1]
Evans Solar Facility (ESF), Sacramento Peak 40 cm 1953–2014 Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, United States Script error: No such module "flag". [20]
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope) 2x15 cm
11 cm		 1942–2004 Göttingen, Germany Script error: No such module "flag". 65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower
McMath-Hulbert Observatory 61 cm 1941–1979 Michigan, United States Script error: No such module "flag". Replaced the 10.5in in 1941
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory 40 cm 1936–1979 Michigan, United States Script error: No such module "flag".
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory 26.7 cm 1930–1941 Michigan, United States Script error: No such module "flag". Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941
Arcetri Solar Tower, Arcetri Observatory File:Osservatorio di arcetri, telescopio 01.JPG 37 cm 1925-2006 Arcetri, Italy Script error: No such module "flag".

Telescopes for the Sun have existed for hundreds of years, this list is not complete and only goes back to 1900.

Potential future optical telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Aperture d. Status Location Country(s) Note
Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO) 150 cm proposed Script error: No such module "flag". [21]
National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) 200 cm proposed[22] Merak Village, Ladakh, India Script error: No such module "flag".
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST) 500–800 cm planned Western part of China Script error: No such module "flag". [23]
European Solar Telescope (EST) 400+ cm planned Canary Islands 15 European countries[24] [25]

Radio telescopes

Name/Observatory Image Frequency range Year(s) Location Country(s) Note(s)
Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH) File:CSRH.png 0.4 - 2.0 Ghz
2.0 - 15 GHz		 2013 - Inner Mongolia, China Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Script error: No such module "flag".

40x 4.5m dishes - low freq band

60x 2m dishes - high freq band

Radio imaging-spectroscopy observations of the Sun in decimetric and centimetric wavelengths[26]

Nançay Radioheliographe (NRH), Nançay Radio Observatory File:Nançay RH Est.jpg 150–450 MHz Sologne, Centre-Val de Loire, France Script error: No such module "flag". [27]
Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) File:OVSA2.jpg 1–18 GHz Sologne, Centre-Val de Loire, France Script error: No such module "flag". Previously known as the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) before getting an expansion to upgrade its control system and increase the total number of antennas to 15.[28]
Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), Nobeyama Radio Observatory 17 and 34 GHz Minamimaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan Script error: No such module "flag". [29]
Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, Nobeyama Radio Observatory 1, 2, 3.75, 9.4, 17, 35, and 80 GHz Minamimaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan Script error: No such module "flag". [30]
Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT) File:East Sayan Mountains. The Siberian Solar Radio Telescope..jpg 1983– Republic of Buryatia, Russia Script error: No such module "flag". [31]
Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST), Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito File:SST with open radome.jpg 212 and 405 GHz 1999– San Juan Province, Argentina Script error: No such module "flag". SST is the only solar submillimeter telescope currently in operation.[32]
Polarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun (POEMAS), Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito File:POlarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun.jpg 45 and 90 GHz 2011– San Juan Province, Argentina Script error: No such module "flag".
Bleien Radio Observatory File:Bleien.JPG 10 MHz–5 GHz 1979– Gränichen, Switzerland Script error: No such module "flag". [33]
Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) 245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4975, 8800 and 15400 MHz Australia; Italy; Massachusetts and Hawaii, United States Script error: No such module "flag"., Script error: No such module "flag"., and Script error: No such module "flag". A series of four radio telescopes located at various locations around the world.[33][34]
Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope File:DSRT2.jpg 150-450 MHz 2023- Sichuan province Template:China 313 parabolic antennas for detection of coronal mass ejection events. Operations started in 2023.[35]
Mingantu interplanetary scintillation telescope 327 MHz and 654 MHz 2023- Inner Mongolia Template:China interplanetary scintillation telescope, consists of three rotatable cylindrical antennas (140 metres by 40 metres each).[36]

Space Telescopes

Solar Space Telescopes are part of the List of heliophysics missions

Other types of solar telescopes

There are much smaller commercial and/or amateur telescopes such as Coronado Filters from founder and designer David Lunt, bought by Meade Instruments in 2004 and sells SolarMax solar telescopes up to 8 cm[37][38]

Most solar observatories observe optically at visible, UV, and near infrared wavelengths, but other things can be observed.

Further reading

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b http://en.iszf.irk.ru/Main_Page Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ solarphysics.kva.se The Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope Template:Webarchive
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ "OVSA Expanstion Project." New Jersey Institute of Technology. Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
  29. ↑ "Nobeyama Radioheliograph." Nobeyama Radio Observatory. Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
  30. ↑ "Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters." Nobeyama Radio Observatory. Retrieved: 18 June 2017.
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Gimenez de Castro, C.G., Raulin, J.-P., Makhmutov, V., Kaufmann, P., Csota, J.E.R., Instantaneous positions of microwave solar bursts: Properties and validity of the multiple beam observations Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 140, 3, December II 1999 Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  33. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ David Lunt biography, Solar Filter designer Template:Webarchive

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