List of republics

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Republicanism sidebar This is a list of republics. For antiquity (or later in the case of societies that did not refer to modern terminology to qualify their form of government) the assessment of whether a state organisation is a republic is based on retrospective analysis by historians and political theorists. For more recent systems of government, worldwide organisations with a broad political acceptance (such as the United Nations), can provide information on whether or not a sovereign state is referred to as a republic.

List by period

Antiquity

State Dates of existence (BCE) Notes
Mahajanapadas[1] c. 7th/6th century – c. 345 Sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the second urbanisation period.
LicchavikasTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 The leading confederate tribe of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Vesālī was the republic's capital.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
VaidehasTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Mithilā was the republic's capital.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
NāyasTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the city of Kuṇḍagāma was the republic's capital.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
MallakasTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 468 One of the confederate tribes of the Vajjika League Mahajanapada; the Mallakas were divided into two republics with the cities of Kusinārā and Pāvā as their respective capitals.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
SakyasTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
KoliyasTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
MoriyasTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
BulayasTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th century
BhaggasTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th/4th century
KālāmasTemplate:Sfn c. 7th/6th century – c. 5th/4th century
Roman Republic 509–27
Classical Athens 508–322 Various Greek city-states under Classical Athenian influence; these loyalties and governments changed frequently (see synoecisms), and in some instances were even under the influence of Sparta without succumbing to oligarchy.
Ancient Carthage 480–146 In 308 BC, an attempted coup to restore the monarch to full power failed, which led to Carthage retaining its republican government.[2]

Middle Ages

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Maritime republics

A maritime republic was a thalassocratic city-state during the Middle Ages in which the merchant class had considerable power.

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Free imperial cities

A free imperial city was a self-ruling city member of the Holy Roman Empire that was represented in the Imperial Diet.

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Early modernity

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Sister republics

A sister republic was a client state of France established by French armies or by local revolutionaries and assisted by the French First Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Modernity

19th century

Africa

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North America

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South America

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Asia

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Europe

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Oceania

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20th century

Africa

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America

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Asia

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Europe

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Oceania

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21st century and later

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List by type

In modern usage, a republican system of government is loosely applied to any state which claims this designation.[9] For example, the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo is considered a republic, as is the Republic of Iraq under Saddam Hussein.

Arab republics

Confederal republics

Confederal republics are associations of sovereign states, usually having power over critical common issues such as defense and foreign policy:

Crowned republics

A crowned republic, is a form of constitutional monarchy where the monarch's role is commonly seen as largely ceremonial and where all the royal prerogatives are prescribed by custom and law in such a way that the monarch has limited discretion over governmental and constitutional issues.

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Democratic republics

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Federal republics

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Federal republics are federal states in which the administrative divisions (states or provinces) theoretically retain a degree of autonomy which is constitutionally protected, and cannot be revoked unilaterally by the national government. Federal republics are not unitary states.

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Islamic republics

Republics governed in accordance with Islamic law:

People's republics

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Current people's republics

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Former people's republics

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Socialist republics

These are republics that use the word "socialist" in their official name.

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Unitary republics

Unitary republics are unitary states which are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with a single constitutionally created legislature. Unitary states are not federations or confederations.

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Republics of Russia

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Disputed separatist republics

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Vikas Nain, "Second Urbanization in the Chronology of Indian History", International Journal of Academic Research and Development 3 (2) (March 2018), pp. 538–542 esp. 539.
  2. ↑ Andrew Lintott, Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Classical City: 750-330 BC, Routledge, 2014, p. 66.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Carrington, Dorothy, "The Corsican Constitution of Pasquale Paoli (1755–1769)," The English Historical Review, July 1973, pp 481–503
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Henry St. Amant Bradsher, Afghanistan and the Soviet Union, Duke University Press, 1983.
  9. ↑ Republic, Oxford English Dictionary, SECOND EDITION 1989
  10. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR approved the Law of the RSFSR #2094-I of December 25, 1991 "Name Change for the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" // News of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR and Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR. 1992. No. 2. Art. 62
  20. ↑ Article 1 of the Russian Constitution
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Sources

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External links

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