List of proxy wars

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".

Pre-World War I proxy wars

War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Sicilian Expedition 415–413 BC

Delian League (led by Athens)
Segesta
EtruscansTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta)
Corinth
Syracuse

Spartan-Syracusan victory
Egyptian–Ottoman War 1839–1841

Template:Flagicon Egypt
Allies:
Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagdeco Spain

Template:Flagicon Ottoman Empire
Allies:
Template:Flagicon United Kingdom
Template:Flagicon Austria
Template:Flagicon Russia
Template:Flagicon Prussia

Ottoman victoryTemplate:Sfn
Uruguayan Civil War 1839–1851

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Colorado victory
First Samoan Civil War 1886–1894

1887–1889
File:Flag of Samoa (1879).svg Supporters of Tupua Tamasese
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire


1893–1894
File:Flag of Samoa (1879).svg Supporters of M. Laupepa
Supported by:
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire
Template:Country data British Empire
Template:Flagicon United States

1887–1889
File:Flag of Samoa (1879).svg Supporters of Mata'afa
Supported by:
Template:Flagicon United States


1893–1894
File:Flag of Samoa (1879).svg Supporters of Mata'afa (1893)
Supporters of Tamasese Lealofi (1894)

Stalemate
  • Malietoa Laupepa restored to power in 1889
  • Berlin General Act creates new government structure
  • Challenges to Laupepa's authority in 1893–1894 defeated
Second Samoan Civil War 1898–1899

File:Flag of Samoa (1879).svg Mataafans
Supported by:
Template:Flagcountry

Allies:Template:Ubl

Compromise;
Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903 1902–1903

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Compromise:
  • Venezuelan debt dispute resolved
  • European fleet withdraws
Somaliland campaign 1896–1922

File:Dervish Somali flag.png Dervish movement
Supported by: Template:Ubl[1]Template:Sfn
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg German Empire[2]

Template:Ubl and (1914-1915)

Dervish movement Defeat
Mexican Revolution 1910–1920

Template:Flagicon Pro-government: 1910–1911:Template:Plainlist


1911–1913:Template:Plainlist


1913–1914:Template:Plainlist


1914–1915:Template:Plainlist


1915–1920:Template:Plainlist

Template:Flagicon Anti-government: 1910–1911:Template:Plainlist


1911–1913:Template:Plainlist


1913–1914:Template:Plainlist


1914–1915:Template:Plainlist


1915–1920Template:Plainlist

Revolutionary victory

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Mexican Border War 1910–1919

Template:Flagdeco Mexico

Supported by:
Template:Flagcountry

File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States

Status quo ante bellum[3]

Inter-war period proxy wars

War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Finnish Civil War 1918

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Finnish Whites victory
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 1918–1920 Template:Country data First Czechoslovak Republic
Template:Flagicon Romania
Template:Flagcountry
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1943).svg Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
File:Flag of the Slovene Nation.svg Republic of Prekmurje
File:Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Hutsul Republic
Template:Flagicon Kingdom of Hungary
Template:Country data French Third Republic
Template:Flagdeco Hungarian Republic
Template:Flagicon Hungarian SR
File:Socialist red flag.svg Slovak SR

Little Entente victory

Turkish War of Independence 1919–1923

Allied powers:
Template:Flagcountry
Template:Clist Template:Clist

Template:Flagcountry
(in 1920)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Flagdeco Istanbul Government<templatestyles src="Citation/styles.css"/>[e]
(in 1920)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Flagcountry
(in 1921)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Clist

Turkish Nationalists:
Template:Flagdeco Ankara Government
(1919–1920; 1920–1923)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Clist

Turkish victory[8][9]
Chinese Civil War 1927–1936, 1945–1949
1927–1936
Template:Flagicon Republic of ChinaTemplate:Blist

1945–1949
Template:Flagicon Republic of ChinaTemplate:Blist
1927–1936
File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Chinese Soviet Republic Template:Nwr
File:Chinese soviet flag.svg Jiangxi Soviet Template:NwrTemplate:Blist

1945–1949
File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Yan'an Soviet
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China (1949)Template:Blist

Communist victory

Chaco War 1932–1935

Template:Flagcountry

Template:Flagcountry

Paraguayan victory[10]

  • Most of the disputed area awarded to Paraguay[11]
Spanish Civil War 1936–1939

Template:Flagdeco Nationalists

Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry

Template:Flagdeco Republicans

Template:Flagcountry

Template:Ublist

Cold War proxy wars

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Chinese Civil War 1945–1949
1945–1949
File:National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg Yan'an Soviet
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China (1949)Template:Blist
1945–1949
Template:Flagicon Republic of ChinaTemplate:BlistFile:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States

Communist victory

Iran crisis of 1946 1945–1946

File:Flag of the Azerbaijan People's Government.svg Azerbaijan People's Government
File:Flag of the Republic of Mahabad.svg Republic of Mahabad
File:Socialist red flag.svg Tudeh Military Network[12]
Supported by:
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union

Template:Flagdeco Iran
Supported by:
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States

Iranian victoryTemplate:Bulletedlist
Greek Civil War 1946–1949

File:Flag of the Greek Democratic Army.png Provisional Democratic Government (from 1947)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Supported by:
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia (1946–1948)
Template:Flagdeco Bulgaria
Template:Flagdeco Albania
File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936 – 1955).svg Soviet Union (limited)

Template:Flagdeco Kingdom of Greece

Supported by:
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom (1944–1947)
File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States (1946–1949)

Kingdom of Greece victory
First Indochina War 1946–1954

File:Flag of North Vietnam 1945-1955.svg Democratic Republic of Vietnam

Template:Flagdeco French Union

File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States (1953-54)

DR Vietnamese victory[13][14]Template:Sfn[15]
Paraguayan Civil War 1947

File:Partido Liberal Radical Autentico.svg Liberal Party
File:Bandera del Partido Revolucionario Febrerista.svg Febrerista Revolutionary Concentration
File:PCP paraguay.jpg Paraguayan Communist Party

ParaguayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Paraguayan Government
ParaguayScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Military of Paraguay
File:Bandera Partido Colorado de Paraguay.svg Colorado militias Supported by:

Government/Military and Colorado Party victory
Malayan Emergency 1948–1960

Communist forces:
Template:Ubl

British Commonwealth forces:
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
Supported by:
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
(Thai–Malaysian border)

Commonwealth victory
Korean War 1950–1953

Template:Plainlist

Template:PlainlistTemplate:Blist

Inconclusive
Mau Mau Uprising 1952–1960

Mau Mau rebelsTemplate:Efn


Maasai Bands (from 1954)[19]

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom

British victory
Second Indochina War (Vietnam War) 1955–1975

Template:Plainlist

Template:Endplainlist

Template:Plainlist

Template:Endplainlist

North Vietnamese victory
First Taiwan Strait Crisis 1954–1955

File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China

File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China
File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States

Ceasefire; major escalation avoided
First Sudanese Civil War 1955–1972

Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flagicon Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
(1955–1956)
Template:Flagicon Republic of the Sudan
(1956–1969)
Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flagicon Democratic Republic of the Sudan
(1969–1972)
Combat support:
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda
(Joint operations on Ugandan territory, 1965–1969)Template:Sfnp
Template:Flagicon Libyan Arab Republic
(From 1969 and combat involvement at least in 1970)Template:Sfnp
Non-combat support:
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg United Arab RepublicTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet UnionTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United KingdomTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg ChinaTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg YugoslaviaTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of East Germany.svg East GermanyTemplate:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg CzechoslovakiaTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938–1973).svg Saudi ArabiaTemplate:Sfnp
Template:Flagicon Kingdom of Libya (until 1969)Template:Sfnp
File:Flag of Algeria.svg AlgeriaTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of the United States.svg United StatesTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Germany.svg West GermanyTemplate:Sfnp

File:Flag of the Sudan Defense Force (1925-1956).svg SDF mutineers, bandits, and unaffiliated separatist militias
File:Flag of the Azania Liberation Front.svg ALF (1965–1970)
File:Sn anyaanya1.PNG Anyanya (from 1963)Template:Sfnp
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel (from 1969)Template:Sfnp[21][22]
Supported by:
Template:Country data Ethiopian EmpireTemplate:Sfnp[23]
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda (from about 1970)Template:Sfnp[21]
Template:Flagicon Congo-LéopoldvilleTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Kenya.svg KenyaTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of France.svg FranceTemplate:Sfnp

Stalemate[24]
Suez Crisis 1956

File:Flag of Egypt (1922–1958).svg Egypt

File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of France.svg France

Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip until March 1957
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 1958

File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China

File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China
File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States

Status quo ante bellum
  • Successful military defence of Kinmen by the ROC
1958 Lebanon crisis 1958

Template:Flagicon Lebanese Opposition:


Supported by:Template:Plainlist

File:Flag of Lebanon (1943-1990).svg Government


Supported by:Template:Plainlist

Opposition's goals achieved[25][26][27]
1959 Tibetan uprising 1959

File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Republic of China

Template:Flagdeco Tibetan and Khampa protesters and guerrillas


Template:Plainlist

Uprising suppressed
Central American crisis 1960–1996[28] EGP[28]
File:Flag of the Rebel Armed Forces.svg FAR[28]
ORPA
File:Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (flag).svg PGT[28]
File:Flag of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity.svg URNG[28]
File:Flag of the FSLN.png FSLN

File:FMLN.jpg FMLN (CRM)
Template:Flagicon Nicaragua[29] (1979–90)


Supported by
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union[30]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba[31]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico[32]
File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg Libya[33][34]
File:Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania (before 1989)
File:Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, Flag.svg Zapatista Army of National Liberation
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden[35][36]
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica
File:Flag of Bulgaria (1971–1990).svg Bulgaria[37]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[38]

File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala[28]
ESA[28]
White Hand[28]
and other paramilitary groups[28]

Template:Flagicon Somoza government

Contras (1981–90)
Template:Flagicon Salvadoran military government


Supported by
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[28][39]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
File:Flag of Honduras (1949-2022).svg Honduras
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel[40]
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan[41]
Congo Crisis 1960–1965

Template:Plainlist

Supported by:Template:Ubl


1963–1965:Template:Ubl

Supported by:Template:Ubl

1960–1963:Template:Ubl

Supported by:Template:Ubl


1960–1962:Template:Ubl

Supported by:Template:Ubl


1963–1965:Template:Ubl

Supported by:Template:Unbulleted list

The Congo established as an independent unitary state under the authoritarian presidency of Mobutu Sese Seko.
Portuguese Colonial War 1961–1974

Template:Plainlist Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Angola:Template:Plainlist Guinea:Template:Plainlist Mozambique:Template:Plainlist Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

First Iraqi–Kurdish War 1961–1970 Before 1968:
File:Flag of Iraq 1959-1963.svgFile:Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg Iraq
Template:Flagicon Syria (1963)
Supported by:
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States (from 1963)[45][46]
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971), Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg Egypt (1965)[47]
After 1968:
File:Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg Ba'athist Iraq

File:Former Flag of KDP.svg KDP
Supported by:
Template:Flagicon Iran[48]
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel[48]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States (alleged)[48]

Military stalemate[49]
Eritrean War of Independence 1961–1991 Template:Flagdeco ELF (1961–1981)
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
File:Flag of the EPLF.svg EPLF (since 1973)
Template:Flagicon TPLF (since 1975)
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
1961–1974
Template:Flagdeco Ethiopian Empire
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
1974–1991
Template:Flagdeco Derg (1974–1987)
Template:Flagdeco PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
EPLF victory[50]
North Yemen Civil War 1962–1970

Template:Country data Yemen Arab Republic
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg Egypt[51]

Template:Flagdeco Kingdom of Yemen
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938–1973).svg Saudi Arabia[51]
Republican victory
Dhofar Rebellion 1963–1976

File:Flag of the Dhofar Liberation Front.svg DLF (1963–1968)
File:Flag of the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf.svg PFLOAG (1968–1974)
File:Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg NDFLOAG (1969–1971)
File:Flag of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman.svg PFLO (1974–1976)


Support:
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea
Template:Flagcountry

Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flagicon Oman
Template:Flagcountry
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan


Support:
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates (Financial aid)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938–1973).svg Saudi Arabia (Financial aid)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Omani government victory[52]

Sarawak Communist Insurgency 1962–1990

Communist forces:
File:Flag of the North Kalimantan Communist Party.svg North Kalimantan Communist Party[53]


File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia (1962–65) (military aid)
Other support:
File:Flag of the North Borneo Federation.svg Brunei People's Party

  • North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)

File:Flag of the Communist Party of Malaya.svg Malayan Communist Party

Supported by:
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[54]
File:Flag of North Vietnam (1955–1975).svg North Vietnam (until 1975)
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea[55][56]

Anti-communist forces:
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom[57]

File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia

Supported by:
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States


File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia (after 1965) (Indo-Malay border)

Aden Emergency 1963–1967

File:Flag of the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen.svg FLOSY
Supported by:
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg United Arab Republic

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom


Template:Flagicon NLF

Yemeni NLF victory
Rhodesian Bush War 1964–1979

Template:Ubli

Template:Ubli

Lancaster House Agreement

  • Rhodesia disestablished; Zimbabwe gains internationally recognised independence in its place.
Dominican Civil War 1965

File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Constitutionalist faction

File:Bandera de las Fuerzas Armadas (Engalanada en los bordes).svg Loyalist faction
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Loyalist victory

  • Ceasefire declared
  • Formation of the provisional government for new elections
  • Deposition of Juan Bosch of the presidency ratified
  • Organization of presidential elections in 1966 under international supervision
  • Election of Joaquín Balaguer as the new president
  • Establishment of the Fourth Dominican Republic on July 1, 1966
Chadian Civil War 1965–1979

File:Flag of Frolinat.svg FROLINAT (from 1966)

  • First Liberation Army (until 1975)
  • Second Liberation Army (1968–76)
  • Third Liberation Army (from 1968)
  • Various splinter factions

Template:Flagicon FLT (until 1975)
Template:Flagicon Volcan Army (from 1970)
Template:Flagicon FAP (from 1976)
Template:Flagicon FAN (1976–78, 1979)Template:Sfn
Tribal and peasant rebels
Template:FlagiconTemplate:Flagicon Libya (1969–72, from 1975)
Supported by:
File:Flag of Algeria.svg AlgeriaTemplate:Sfn
Template:Country data Kingdom of Libya (non-combat, until 1969)Template:Sfn

File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad

File:Flag of France.svg France
Supported by:
File:Flag of Egypt (1972-1984).svg Egypt
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel

Rebel victory

Communist insurgency in Thailand 1965–1983

Template:Plainlist

File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand

File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China (until August 1967)

File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia[60][61]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
Template:Country data Khmer Republic
Template:Country data Democratic Kampuchea (after 1978)

Thai government victory

  • Amnesty declared on 23 April 1980 by the Thai government
  • Order 66/2523 signed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda
  • Communist insurgency declines and ends in 1983
Bolivian Campaign 1966–1967

File:FlagofELNBoliviaduringÑancahuazúGuerrilla.webp ELN
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba

Template:Flagicon Bolivia
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States

Bolivian government victory

  • Che Guevara executed
Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969) 1966–1969

File:Flag of North Korea (1948–1992).svg North Korea

Template:Plainlist

South Korean victory

South African Border War 1966–1990

Template:Plainlist

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Template:Flagdeco South Africa


Template:Ubl

Military stalemate[63]
Nigerian Civil War 1967–1970

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Nigerian victory

Years of Lead 1968–1988

Far-left terrorists: Template:Ublist Supported by: Template:Ublist

Template:Flagicon Italian government Template:Blist Supported by: Template:Ublist


Far-right terrorists: Template:Ublist Supported by: Template:Ublist

Government victory
  • Most militant and terrorist groups disbanded
Communist insurgency in Malaysia 1968–1989 Communist forces:
File:Flag of the Communist Party of Malaya.svg Malayan Communist Party[64]

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Malaysian government victory

Operation Condor 1975–1983

Political dissidents (including socialists, anarchists and communists)
Intelligence agencies of participating countries

Template:Plainlist

Concluded after the fall of the Argentinean military junta in 1983

Al-Wadiah War 1969

File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen

File:Flag of Saudi Arabia (1938–1973).svg Saudi Arabia
Supported by:
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan (air support)

Saudi victory

Bangladesh Liberation War 1971

File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan

Template:Flagcountry
File:Flag of India.svg India (3–16 Dec.)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bangladeshi-Indian victory[65][66][67]
Template:Bulleted list

Yemenite War of 1972 1972

File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba

File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg North Yemen

Status quo ante bellum

Angolan Civil War 1975–2002

Template:Flagicon People's Republic of Angola/Republic of Angola

File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba (1975–1989)
File:Flag of South West Africa People's Organisation.svg SWAPO (1975–1989)[68]
File:Flag of the African National Congress.svg ANC (1975–1989)[69][68]
Executive Outcomes (1993–1995)[70]
File:FLNC Congo.svg FLNC (1975–2001)[71][72]
File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia (2001–2002)Template:Refn Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

File:Flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola.svg Democratic People's Republic of Angola

File:Bandeira da FNLA.svg FNLA (1976–1978)[72]
File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1982).svg South Africa (1975–1989)[73]
File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Zaire (1975)[74][72]


File:Flag of Cabinda.svg FLEC

MPLA victory

  • Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989.
  • Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92.
  • Dissolution of the armed forces of the FNLA.
  • Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards.
  • Jonas Savimbi, leader of UNITA, killed in 2002; UNITA abandoned armed struggle and participated in electoral politics.
  • Resistance of FLEC continued to this day
Ethiopian Civil War 1974–1991

Template:Flagdeco Derg (1974–1987)
Template:Flagdeco PDR Ethiopia
Supported by:
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union[75][76][77] (1974–1990)
Script error: No such module "flag". (1974–1990)
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen (1974–1990)
Somali anti-Barre groups:

File:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg EPRDF

File:Logo of the Ethiopian Peoples Revolutionary Party.svg EPRP
File:Meison.jpg MEISON (from 1977)
File:Flag of Ethiopia (Blank).svg EDU
File:Flag of the Oromo Liberation Front.svg OLF
File:Flag of the Western Somali Liberation Front.svg WSLF
File:Flag of the Afar Liberation Front.svg ALF
Eritrean separatists:

Somali nationalists:

EPLF/TPLF rebel victory

Lebanese Civil War 1975–1990[Note 1]
(Template:Age in years, months, weeks and days)

File:Flag of Lebanon (1943-1990).svg Lebanese National Movement (1975–1982)
File:Lebanese National Resistance Front.jpgScript error: No such module "collapsible list". Template:Flagdeco PLO (1975–1983)
File:Flag of ASALA.png ASALA


File:InfoboxHez.PNG Hezbollah (1985–1990)
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran (from 1980, mainly IRGC and Army paramilitary units)


Islamic Unification Movement (from 1982)

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
File:Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png Army of Free Lebanon (until 1977)
File:Lebanesearmyfirstflag.png SLA (from 1976)
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel (from 1978)


File:Ahrar flag.gif Tigers Militia (until 1980)


Template:Flagdeco Syria (1976, 1983–1991)
File:Flag of the Amal Movement.svg Amal Movement
File:Flag of Palestine.svg PNSF
File:Flag placeholder.svgMarada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)


File:Flag of Lebanon (1943-1990).svg Lebanese Armed Forces


Template:Flagdeco UNIFIL (from 1978)
Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982–1984)


Template:Flagdeco Arab Deterrent Force (1976–1982)[82] Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Indonesian occupation of East Timor 1975–2002

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Shaba I 1977

File:FLNC Congo.svg Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC)
Supported by:
Template:Flagicon Angola
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union

Template:Plainlist Supported by:
Template:Plainlist

Zairian victory

  • FNLC expelled from Shaba
Ogaden War 1977–1978

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Ethiopian victory

Cambodian-Vietnamese War 1978–1989

Script error: No such module "flag".
Template:Flagicon FUNSK (from 1978)


Post-invasion:
Until April 1989:
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam
Template:Country data People's Republic of Kampuchea
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba (reconstruction experts)
From April 1989:
Template:Flagicon State of Cambodia

Template:Country data Democratic Kampuchea (1977–1982)
File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand (border clashes)


Post-invasion:
Template:Country data Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (1982–1990)

File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand (border clashes)[86]

Template:Ublist

Mozambican Civil War 1977–1992

Template:Flagicon Mozambique (People's Republic until 1990)

File:Flag of ZANU-PF.svg ZANU (until 1979)
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe (from 1980)
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi (from 1987)[88]

File:Flag of RENAMO.svg RENAMO
PRM (merged with RENAMO in 1982)
UNAMO (1987–1988)Template:Sfnp
File:Flag of COREMO.svgCOREMOTemplate:Sfnp
UNIPOMOTemplate:Sfnp
FUMOTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Rhodesia (1968–1979).svg Rhodesia (until 1979)[89]

File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1982).svg South Africa (from 1978)[90]

Stalemate

Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 1977–1997

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord

Shaba II 1978

File:FLNC Congo.svg FNLC

Template:Plainlist

Zairian victory; mutual end of support for other nations' rebel groups

Uganda–Tanzania War 1978–1979

File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
Template:Flagdeco Uganda National Liberation FrontTemplate:BulletedlistTemplate:Flagcountry
Supported by:
File:Flag of Zambia (1964–1996).svg Zambia
Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria

Template:Flagcountry
File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg Libya
File:Flag of Palestine - short triangle.svg Palestine Liberation Organization
Supported by:
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia

Tanzanian victory

NDF Rebellion 1978–1982

File:Yemeni Socialist Party Flag.svg NDF
Supported by:
File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen
File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg Libya

File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg North Yemen
File:Emblem of the Muslim Brotherhood.svg Islamic Front
Supported by:
File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States

Government victory

Chadian–Libyan War 1978–1987

Template:Flagdeco Libya

Template:Flagdeco Pro-Libyan Chadian factions

Pro-Libyan Palestinian and Lebanese groupsTemplate:Sfn

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Template:Flagdeco Anti-Libyan Chadian factions

  • FAT (1978–1979)
  • FAN (1978–1983)
  • FANT (1983–1987)
  • GUNT (1986–1987)

File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France
Inter-African Force

File:Flag of the National Front for the Salvation of Libya.svg NFSL Template:Clist

Chadian and French victory

Yemenite War of 1979 1979

File:Flag of South Yemen.svg South Yemen

File:Flag of the Yemen Arab Republic.svg North Yemen

South Yemeni victory

Soviet–Afghan War 1979–1989

File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Template:Flagcountry

File:Flag of the Afghan interim government-in-exile (1988–1992).svg Afghan mujahideen

Afghan mujahideen victory[94]

Sino-Vietnamese War 1979

File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam


Supported by:
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union
Script error: No such module "flag".

File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Status quo ante bellum or ceasefire

Ethiopian–Somali Border War 1982-1983

File:Flag of Ethiopia (1975-1987).svg Ethiopia
File:Logo of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front.png SSDF

Template:Flagicon Somalia

Stalemate[95][96]

Sri Lankan Civil War 1983–2009

File:Tamil Eelam Flag.svg Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Other Tamil militant groups

Template:Flagicon Sri Lanka
Template:Flagicon India (1987–1990)

Sri Lankan government victory

Thai–Laotian Border War 1987–1988

File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union

File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia

  • Thai forces claimed to have secured 70% of ground around Hill 1428, while Lao forces still held high ground.
  • Return to status quo ante bellum.
Afghan Civil War 1989–1992

File:Flag of Afghanistan (1987–1992).svg Republic of Afghanistan
Supported by: Template:Plainlist Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Template:Tree list


Independent Factions:

Template:Tree list/end


Foreign Mujahideen:


Various factions also fought among each other
Supported by:
Template:Flagicon Pakistan
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
Template:Flagicon United Kingdom
Template:Flagicon China
Template:Flagicon Germany
Template:Flagicon Iran

Template:Ublist

Modern proxy wars

War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
Angolan Civil War 1975–2002

File:Flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Angola.svg Democratic People's Republic of Angola

File:Bandeira da FNLA.svg FNLA (1976–1978)[72]
File:Flag of South Africa (1928–1982).svg South Africa (1975–1989)
File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Zaire (1975)[74][72]


File:Flag of Cabinda.svg FLEC

Template:Flagicon People's Republic of Angola/Republic of Angola

File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba (1975–1989)
File:Flag of South West Africa People's Organisation.svg SWAPO (1975–1989)[68]
File:Flag of the African National Congress.svg ANC (1975–1989)[69][68]
Executive Outcomes (1993–1995)[105]
File:FLNC Congo.svg FLNC (1975–2001)[71][72]
File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia (2001–2002) Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

MPLA victory

  • Withdrawal of all foreign forces in 1989.
  • Transition towards a multiparty political system in 1991/92.
  • Dissolution of the armed forces of the FNLA.
  • Participation of UNITA and FNLA, as political parties, in the new political system, from 1991/92 onwards.
  • Jonas Savimbi, leader of UNITA, killed in 2002; UNITA abandoned armed struggle and participated in electoral politics.
  • Resistance of FLEC continued to this day
Indonesian occupation of East Timor 1975–2002

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Insurgency in Laos 1975–Present

Template:Country data Lao PDR

Supported by:
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam


File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union (until 1989)

Template:Plainlist


Template:Flagdeco Royalists:

Supported by:
Template:Flagdeco Royal Lao Government in Exile
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China (until 1988)[107]
Template:Flagicon Khmer Rouge (until 1999)


Rightists:

Template:Plainlist

Lao People’s Democratic Republic victory, crackdown of Human Rights in Laos

Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 1977–1997

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord

Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 1988–Present

Template:Country data Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh; until 2023)Template:EfnTemplate:Efn
File:Flag of Armenia.svg ArmeniaTemplate:Efn
Military support
Foreign fightersTemplate:Broken anchor
Arms suppliersTemplate:Broken anchor
Diplomatic supportTemplate:Broken anchor

File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan (from 1991)
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union (until 1991)Template:Efn

File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey (2020) (alleged by Armenia)[108][109][110]
Foreign fightersTemplate:Broken anchor
Arms suppliersTemplate:Broken anchor
Diplomatic supportTemplate:Broken anchor
Supported by:
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey (2020)

Afghan Civil War 1989–1992

File:Flag of Afghanistan (1987–1992).svg Republic of Afghanistan
Supported by: Template:Plainlist Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Template:Tree list


Independent Factions:

Template:Tree list/end


Foreign Mujahideen:


Various factions also fought among each other
Supported by:
Template:Flagicon Pakistan
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
Template:Flagicon United Kingdom
Template:Flagicon China
Template:Flagicon Germany
Template:Flagicon Iran

Template:Ublist

Transnistria War 1990–1992 File:Flag of Moldavian SSR (1990) (Soviet colors).png/File:Flag of Moldova.svg MoldovaTemplate:Efn
Supported by:
Script error: No such module "flag".

Template:Plainlist

Russian–Transnistrian victory

  • Transnistria is a de facto independent state, but remains internationally recognized as part of Moldova
Georgian Civil War 1991–1993

Script error: No such module "collapsible list". Supported by:
Template:Flagicon Chechen Republic of Ichkeria

Script error: No such module "collapsible list". Supported by:
File:Flag of Russia (1991–1993).svg Russia

<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Pro-Shevardnadzist victory

Yugoslav Wars 1991–2001 Template:Flagicon Slovenia
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1998).svg Bosnia
Template:Country data NATO
Supported by:
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey[141]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran[142]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia[141]

File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia
File:Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
Supported by:
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania


File:Uck Nla logo.svg National Liberation Army

Template:Flagicon SFR Yugoslavia (before 1992)
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg FR Yugoslavia (from 1992)
File:Flag of the Republika Srpska.svg Republika Srpska
File:Flag of the Republic of Western Bosnia (Fictitious).svg AP Western Bosnia
File:State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg Republic of Serbian Krajina
Supported by:
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[143][144]
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece[145]

Template:Country data North Macedonia
Supported by:
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine[146][147][148](main arms supply)
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria
File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg FR Yugoslavia

Breakup of Yugoslavia and the formation of independent successor states
Tajikistani Civil War 1992–1997

Template:Tree list

File:Flag of Afghanistan (1992–2001).svg Afghanistan (until 1996)

Supported by:

Template:Tree list/end

Template:Tree list

Template:Flagicon/File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan
Template:Flagicon/File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan
File:Flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (reverse).svg/File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan
Supported by:
File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995).svg Belarus[156] (weapons supplies)
Template:Flagdeco UNMOT

Template:Tree list/end

Armistice

Second Afar insurgency 1995–2018

Template:Plainlist

Template:Plainlist

First Congo War 1996–1997

File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Zaire

File:Flag of Sudan.svg SudanTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad[158]
Template:Flagicon Ex-FAR/ALiR
File:Flag of the Rwandan Democratic Movement.svg Interahamwe
File:Flag of the CNDD-FDD.svg CNDD-FDDTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of UNITA.svg UNITA[159]
File:Flag of the Allied Democratic Forces.svg ADFTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Katanga.svg FLNCTemplate:Sfn
Supported by:
File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg ChinaTemplate:Sfn
File:Flag of Israel.svg IsraelTemplate:Sfn
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait (denied)Template:Sfn


Mai-MaiTemplate:Efn

Template:Flagicon AFDL
File:Flag of Rwanda (1961–2001).svg Rwanda
File:Flag of Uganda.svg UgandaTemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi[160]
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola[160]
Template:Flagicon SPLATemplate:Sfnp
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg EritreaTemplate:Sfnp
Supported by:
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa[161]
File:Flag of Zambia.svg ZambiaTemplate:Sfn
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe[161]
File:Flag of Ethiopia (1996-2009).svg Ethiopia[162]
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States (covertly)Template:Sfnp


Mai-MaiTemplate:Efn

AFDL victory

Nepalese Civil War 1996–2006

Template:Flagdeco Kingdom of Nepal

Supported by:
File:Flag of India.svg India[163]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan[164][165]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium[166]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[167]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom[168]
File:Flag of France.svg France[168]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[168]

File:Flag of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).svg Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)

Supported by:
File:CPI-M-flag.svg Communist Party of India (Maoist)
File:CPI-M-flag.svg Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist)[169]

Comprehensive Peace Accord
Abolition of Nepalese monarchy[170]

Second Republic of the Congo Civil War 1997–1999

Template:Flagicon Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (to October 1997)
Cocoye Militia
Ninja Militia
Nsiloulou Militia
Supported by:
File:Flag of UNITA.svg Jonas Savimbi
File:Flag of Cabinda (FLEC propose).svgFLEC[171]
Supported by:
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo

Template:Flagicon Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (from October 1997)
Cobra Militia
Template:Flagicon Rwandan Hutu Militia
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola[172]
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad

Nguesso loyalist victory

Guinea-Bissau Civil War 1998–1999

File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal[173]
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea[174]
Supported by:
File:Flag of France.svg France[175]
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal[176]

File:Military flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Military rebels
File:Flag of Casamance.svg MFDCTemplate:Sfnp
Supported by:
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[175][177]

Ousting of President João Bernardo Vieira

First Ivorian Civil War 2002–2007

File:Flag of France (lighter variant).svg France
Template:Flagdeco UNOCI

File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast
Template:Flagdeco COJEP
Supported by:
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus


Template:Flagdeco FNCI
Alleged support:
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia

War agreement, followed by renewed conflict

War in Darfur 2003–2020

File:Flag of the Sudan Revolutionary Front.svg SRFTemplate:Efn
(2006–2020)

File:Flag of SLM (al-Nur).svg SLA (some factions)
SARC (2014–2020)
SLFA (2017–2020)[178]

Supported by:
File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan[179]
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad (2005–2010)[180]
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea (until 2008)[181]
Template:Flagdeco Libya (until 2011)[182]
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda (until 2015)[183]

File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan

File:Flag of Chad.svg Chadian rebel groupsTemplate:Sfn
File:Flag of Libya.svg Anti-Gaddafi forces (2011)[184]
Supported by:
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya (2011–2020)[185]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[186]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran (until 2016)[187]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[188]
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus[189]
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971), Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg Syria (2000s, alleged)[190]


File:Flag of the African Union.svgTemplate:Flagicon UNAMID (2007–2020)

Stalemate

Iraqi insurgency 2011–2013

IraqScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Iraqi Government

Template:Country data Iraqi Kurdistan

IraqScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Sons of Iraq
Supported by:
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States

Template:Country data ISILTemplate:Namespace detect showallScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Islamic State of Iraq (ISIL since April 2013)
File:Flag of Islamic Army In Iraq.svg Islamic Army in Iraq
File:Flag of Iraq (1991–2004).svg Naqshbandi Army
Other Sunni insurgents

Escalation of the insurgency, beginning of the War in Iraq (2013–2017)

  • Significant increase in violence since the U.S. withdrawal, with an increasing number of insurgent large-scale attacks and assaults
  • Resurgence of ISI,[191] later transforming to ISIL
First Libyan Civil War 2011–2011

Template:Plainlist Template:Plainlist


Script error: No such module "collapsible list". Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Minor border clashes:
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia

Supported by:
Template:Flagcountry[192][193]

Template:Flagdeco Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Libyan opposition/NATO victory

Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon 2011–2017

File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Pro-Assad militant groups:

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Other militias:

Syrian rebel forces:

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


File:Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda and allies:


Template:Country data Islamic StateTemplate:Surrendered[221]
(from 2013)

Lebanese victory

  • The Lebanese Army and Hezbollah expelled IS militants as well as fighters of Al-Qaeda and its allies from Lebanon entirely in 2017 and reestablished control across all Lebanese territory.[221][223]
Second Libyan Civil War 2014–2020

Template:FlagiconFile:Coat of arms of Libya Tobruk Government.svg House of Representatives (Tobruk-based)[224][225]

Script error: No such module "collapsible list". File:PMC Wagner Center logo.png Wagner Group
(from 2018)
[228][229][230][231][232]
Template:Flagicon Egypt[233][234][235]
Template:Flagicon United Arab Emirates[233][236][237][238]
File:Flag of the Rapid Support Forces (Sudan).pngRSF[239] (from 2019)
Template:Country data Ba'athist Syria
(2020)[240][241][242]
Template:Country data Hezbollah (allegedly)[243][244]
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel
(allegedly, denied by LNA)[245][246][247][248][249]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran[250]

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Template:FlagiconFile:The emblem on the passport of Libya.svg Government of National Accord (Tripoli-based) (from 2016)

Script error: No such module "collapsible list". File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey (2020)[252][253][254]
Template:Flagicon Syrian National Army (from 2019)[255]
Template:Flagicon Popular Resistance Committees[256][257]
Template:Country data Hamas (LNA claim, denied by Hamas)[258] Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Template:Flagicon National Salvation Government
(2014–2017)[259][260]

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Template:Flagdeco Islamic State
(from 2014)[265]

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


File:Flag of Jihad.svg Al-Qaeda

File:Flag of Jihad.svg Shura Council of
Benghazi Revolutionaries

(2014–2017)[270][271]
Script error: No such module "collapsible list". Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Ceasefire

Ongoing proxy wars

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

War Dates Combatant 1 Combatant 2
Xinjiang conflict 1933–present

File:Kokbayraq flag.svg East Turkestan independence movement


Template:Ubl
Template:Ubl File:The Flag of East Turkistan Republic.png East Turkistan Education and Solidarity Association[272]Template:Avoid wrap)


Template:Ubl


Template:Country data First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934)

Template:Flagdeco People's Republic of China (from 1949)

File:Flag of the Chinese Communist Party.svg Chinese Communist Party
File:Flag of the People's Police of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Police
File:People's Armed Police Flag.svg People's Armed Police
File:People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People's Liberation Army
Template:Flagdeco Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

Template:Flagdeco Republic of China (until 1950s)

Template:Country data Kuomintang
Template:Flagdeco National Revolutionary Army (1931–1947)
Template:Flagdeco Republic of China Army (1947–1950s)
Template:Flagdeco Ma clique (1931–1949)
Template:Flagdeco Xinjiang (1912–1933; 1944–1949)

File:Flag of the People's Anti-Imperialist Association.svg Xinjiang (1933–1944)

People's Anti-Imperialist Association
Israeli-Palestinian conflict Late 19th / early 20th century–present

Template:Flagicon Palestinians:
Pre–1948:

1948–present:
1948:

1949–1956:

1964–2005:

2007–present:

File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel and Zionist predecessors:
Pre–1948:

Yishuv

1948–present:
State of Israel

Balochistan conflict 1948–present

File:Balochistan Flag.svg Baloch separatist groups


File:Flag of Jihad.svg Sectarian groups

Script error: No such module "flag".
Script error: No such module "flag".

Internal conflict in Myanmar 1948–present

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list


Ethnic armed organisationsTemplate:Efn

Papua conflict 1962–present File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea[273][274]

Template:Country data Free Papua

Insurgency in Northeast India 1954–present

Separatist groups:

Script error: No such module "collapsible list". Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Jihadist groups:

File:Flag of India.svg India

Supported by:

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency 1967–present

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end


Militias: (until 2011)[282]

Template:Tree list

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Civil conflict in the Philippines 1969–present

Template:Tree list


Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end

Template:Tree list

Cabinda War 1975–present

File:Flag of Cabinda.svg FLEC

File:Flag of Zaire (1971–1997).svg Zaire (1975)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba (until 1991)


File:Flag of UNITA.svg Democratic People's Republic of Angola (1991)

Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Civil conflict in Turkey 1976–present TAK
File:Flag of Communist Party of Turkey-Marxist–Leninist.svg TKP/ML-TİKKO
MKP-HKO-PHG
Maoist Party
Maoist Party Centre
File:Socialist red flag.svg THKO
File:Socialist red flag.svg Devrimci Yol
File:Dhkp.svg DHKP-C
Supported by:
File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union[292][293]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[294]
File:ASALA logo.svg ASALA[295] (1970s–1988)
File:Flag of Syria (1972-1980).svg SyriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[292][296][297]
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece[298][299]
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus[292]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran[292][300][301]
File:Flag of Iraq (1991-2004).svg Iraq (until 2003)[302]
File:Flag of Libya (1977-2011).svg Libya (until 2011)[303]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
Supported by:
Template:Country data Turkic Council[295]
Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 1979–present

Template:Plainlist Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Template:Plainlist Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Internal conflict in Peru 1980–present

Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


File:Flag of the Militarized Communist Party of Peru.svg MPCPTemplate:Refn
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


File:Flag of the Ethnocacerist Movement (Chinchay Suyu).svg Ethnocacerists
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".


Template:Tree list

Template:Tree list/end Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

File:Flag of Peru (state).svg Government of Peru Script error: No such module "collapsible list".

Abkhaz–Georgian conflict 1989–present

Template:Country data Georgian SSR (before 1990)
Template:Flagicon / Template:Flagicon Georgia (after 1990)

Supported by:
File:Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (2001)
File:Flag of UNA-UNSO.svg UNA-UNSO (1992–1993)[304]
Template:Flagdeco White Legion (1992–1998)
File:Mkhedrioni flag.png Mkhedrioni (1991–1998)
Template:Flagdeco Forest Brotherhood (1992–1998)

Template:Country data Abkhaz ASSR (before 1992)
File:Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia (after 1992) Supported by:
File:КГНК.png CMPC (1992–1993)
Template:Flagicon / File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia

Template:Flagicon South Ossetia

Georgian–Ossetian conflict 1989–present

Georgian SSR (before 1990)
Georgia (after 1990)

South Ossetia
Russia

Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 1989–present

Template:Tree list

Template:Indented plainlistTemplate:Tree list

Supported by:Template:Plainlist


Template:Tree list
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency 1996–present

File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg DR Congo

Template:Flagdeco MONUSCO

File:Flag of the Allied Democratic Forces.svg ADF (1996–2015)


File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg ISIL[308]

File:Flag of the Allied Democratic Forces.svg ADF-Mukulu

RCD/K-ML

Mai-Mai Kyandenga (2020–present)
Supported by: FARDC elements[309]
File:Flag red yellow 5x3.svg LRA
File:AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg Al-Shabaab[308] (disputed)[310]
File:Flag of Jihad.svg Various Jihadi groups (Ugandan and MONUSCO claim)[310]
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan (1990s; currently unknown)

Syrian civil war[311][312] 2011Template:Efn–presentTemplate:Efn File:Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg Syrian opposition
Supported by:
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar[313]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[313]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya
File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Script error: No such module "flag". (2011–2013)
File:Flag of France.svg France
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany
File:Flag of the United Arab Republic (1958–1971), Flag of Syria (1980–2024).svg Syria
Supported by:
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia[314]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran[313]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[315][316][317]
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan[318][319]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China[320][321]
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea[322][323][324]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba[325]
Script error: No such module "flag".[326][327][328][329]
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria[330]
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus[331]
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola[332]
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt (from 2015)[333][334]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates
Template:Country data Syrian Kurdistan
Supported by:
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States
File:Flag of France.svg France
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Template:Country data Iraqi Kurdistan[335]
File:Seal of Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve.svg CJTF-OIR
Yemeni Crisis
(part of Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts)
2011–present Template:Flagicon Yemen (Hadi government)
Template:Flagicon Saudi-led coalition
Supported by:
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia[336]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States[337]
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea[338]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom[339][340]
File:Flag of France.svg France[341][342][343]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada[344]
File:Flag of Italy.svg ItalyScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey[345]
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany[346][347][348][349]
Template:Flagicon Yemen (Supreme Political Council)
Supported by:
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran[350]
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea[351]
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia[352]
Template:Country data Ba'athist SyriaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[353]

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:Notelist-ua Template:Notelist Template:NoteFoot

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  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  4. Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  5. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the World: a Global Guide to Citizens' Rights and Responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205. Template:Webarchive
  9. According to John R. Ferris, "Decisive Turkish victory in Anatolia... produced Britain's gravest strategic crisis between the 1918 Armistice and Munich, plus a seismic shift in British politics..." Erik Goldstein and Brian McKerche, Power and Stability: British Foreign Policy, 1865–1965, 2004 p. 139
  10. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957
  17. Malaysia Act 1963
  18. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  20. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. Shinn, David H, "Addis Ababa Agreement: was it destined to fail and are there lessons for the Current Sudan Peace Process?", p. 242
  25. "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945-1995 (1997)
  26. Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987-88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard.
  27. Singer, Joel David, The Wages of War, 1816-1965 (1972)
  28. a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. The Kashmir Question: Retrospect and Prospect, 2013. Page 121.
  30. The Giant's Rival: The USSR and Latin America, Revised Edition, 1988. Page 143.
  31. "Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America"
  32. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. Castro's America Department: Coordinating Cuba's Support for Marxist-Leninist Violence in the Americas. 1988. Page 36
  38. China and the Third World: Champion Or Challenger?, 1986. Page 151.
  39. Uppsala Conflict Data Program conflict Encyclopedia, El Salvador, In Depth, Negotiating a settlement to the conflict, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=51&regionSelect=4-Central_Americas# Template:Webarchive, "...US government increased the security support to prevent a similar thing to happen in El Salvador. This was, not least, demonstrated in the delivery of security aid to El Salvador", viewed on May 24, 2013
  40. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. Schirmer, 1996; pg 172
  42. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. Mia Couto, Carnation revolution, Script error: No such module "Lang".
  45. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  46. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. a b Michael Brecher and Jonathan Wilkenfel. A Study of Crisis: pp. 324–325. University of Michigan Press. 1997. "The four actors in the first phase of the long Yemen War were Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Yemen"
  52. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. Cheah Boon Kheng, p.149
  54. a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  55. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. Chin Peng, pp.479–80
  61. NIE report
  62. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. a b Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  65. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  74. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  82. Mays, Terry M. Historical Dictionary of Multinational Peacekeeping. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996, pp. 9–10
  83. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. Ranstorp, Magnus, Hizb'allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis, New York, St. Martins Press, 1997, p. 105
  85. Indonesia (1977), p. 31.
  86. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. McCargo, p. 199
  88. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. War and Society: The Militarisation of South Africa, edited by Jacklyn Cock and Laurie Nathan, pp.104-115
  91. Geoffrey Leslie Simons, Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57
  92. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  94. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. Template:Cite thesis
  101. a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  103. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. Indonesia (1977), p. 31.
  106. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  120. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  122. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  124. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  139. Template:Cite thesis
  140. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  144. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  148. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. Inside Al Qaeda: global network of terror, by Rohan Gunaratna, pg. 169
  150. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  152. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  153. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  158. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  165. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  166. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  170. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  171. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  172. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  173. Conflict Transformation, Guinea-Bassau, The Military Crisis in Guinea-Bassau, Terhi Lehtinen
  174. a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  175. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  176. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  177. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  178. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  179. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  180. Afrol News – Eritrea, Chad accused of aiding Sudan rebels Template:Webarchive 7 de septiembre de 2007
  181. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Sudan adjusting to post-Gaddafi era
  182. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  183. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  184. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  185. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  186. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  187. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  188. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  189. Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2015). "Foreign Military Assistance" (PDF). In Berry, LaVerle (ed.). Sudan: a country study (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 344–347. ISBN 978-0-8444-0750-0.
  190. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  191. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/us/egypt-arming-libya-rebels-report-idUSTRE72H29O/
  192. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  193. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  195. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  196. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  197. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  198. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  199. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  200. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  201. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  216. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  218. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  219. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  220. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  221. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  222. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  223. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  231. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  232. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  233. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  234. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  260. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  264. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  265. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  266. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  267. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  268. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  282. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  285. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  290. a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  291. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  293. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  294. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  295. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  296. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  298. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  301. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  306. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  308. a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  309. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  310. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  311. a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  312. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  313. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  314. "Russian military presence in Syria poses challenge to US-led intervention". The Guardian, 23 December 2012. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
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  316. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  317. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  324. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  329. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  330. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  331. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  332. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  334. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  335. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  336. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  337. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  338. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  339. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  340. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  341. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  342. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  343. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  344. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  345. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  351. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Explanatory notes

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  1. The last battle took place from 2–6 July 1991 between the Lebanese government and the Palestine Liberation Organization due to the latter's refusal to accept the Taif Agreement.

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