List of dukes of Milan

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Milan was ruled by dukes from the 13th century to 1814, after which it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia by the Congress of Vienna.

List of dukes of Milan

House of Visconti

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". In 1395, Gian Galeazzo Visconti was titled Duke of Milan by King Wenceslaus,[1] who sold the title under the payment of circa 100,000 florins.[2] Since that moment, all the following rulers of Milan were styled as dukes.

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Gian Galeazzo
1351Template:Ndash1402
(aged 50)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Giangaleazzo Visconti.jpg File:Arms of the House of Visconti (1395).svg 5 September 1395
Template:Ndash
3 September 1402
(1) Isabella of France
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4 children
(2 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(2) Caterina Visconti
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1380; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />w.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1402)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
2 children
2 illegitimate children
Template:Bulleted list
Giovanni Maria
1388Template:Ndash1412
(aged 23)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Gian Maria Visconti.jpg File:Arms of the House of Visconti (1395).svg 3 September 1402
Template:Ndash
16 May 1412
Antonia Malatesta of Cesena
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1408; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />w.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1412)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Childless
Son of Gian Galeazzo Visconti
(primogeniture)
Filippo Maria
1392Template:Ndash1447
(aged 54)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:FilippoVisconti.jpg File:Arms of the House of Visconti (1395).svg 16 May 1412
Template:Ndash
13 August 1447
(1) Beatrice of Tenda
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1412; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />ex.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1418)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Childless

(2) Mary of Savoy
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Childless
1 illegitimate child
Son of Gian Galeazzo Visconti
(blood proximity)

House of Sforza (1st rule)

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". After the death of Filippo Maria in 1447, the main line of Visconti went extinct. Benefited by political chaos, a cabal of wealthy citizens, academics and clerics declared the Duchy dissolved and proclaimed the oligarchical Golden Ambrosian Republic.[3] The republic was never recognized and the neighboring states of Venice and Savoy tried to expand their fiefdoms in Lombardy, as well as France. Taking advantage of the state's weakness and the resurgent Guelph-Ghibelline conflict, the commander-in-chief of the Milanese forces, Francesco I Sforza, defected from Milan to Venice in 1448,[4] and two years later, after several side switches and cunning strategies, Sforza entered the city during Annunciation. He was then declared the new Duke of Milan by the City Council,[5] using as a claim his marriage with Bianca Maria Visconti, illegitimate daughter of Filippo Maria.

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Francesco I
1401Template:Ndash1466
(aged 64)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Francesco Sforza.jpg File:Arms of the House of Sforza.svg 25 March 1450
Template:Ndash
8 March 1466
(1) Polissena Ruffo
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1418; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1420)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
1 daughter
(died in infancy)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(2) A Jacopo Caldora's daughter
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1424; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />ann.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 142?)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Childless

(3) Bianca Maria Visconti
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1441; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />w.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1466)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
8 children
Giovanna d'Acquapendente
7 illegitimate children
(5 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Bulleted list
Galeazzo Maria
1444Template:Ndash1476
(aged 32)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Piero Pollaiuolo Portrait of Galeazzo Maria Sforza.jpg File:Arms of the House of Sforza.svg 8 March 1466
Template:Ndash
26 December 1476
Bona of Savoy
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1468; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />w.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1503)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
4 children
Lucrezia Landriani
4 illegitimate children

Lucia Marliani
2 illegitimate children
Son of Francesco I Sforza
(primogeniture)
Gian Galeazzo
1469Template:Ndash1494
(aged 25)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Workshop of Benedetto Briosco, Gian Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, early 1490s, NGA 128.jpg File:Arms of the House of Sforza.svg 26 December 1476
Template:Ndash
21 October 1494
Isabella of Aragon
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1489; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />w.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1494)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
3 children
Son of Galeazzo Maria
(primogeniture)
Ludovico
1452Template:Ndash1508
(aged 55)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Profile Lodovico.jpg File:Arms of the House of Sforza.svg 21 October 1494
Template:Ndash
17 September 1499
Beatrice d'Este
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1491; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1499)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
2 children
Bernardina de Corradis
2 legitimized children

Cecilia Gallerani
1 legitimized child

Lucrezia Crivelli
2 legitimized children
Son of Francesco I Sforza
(blood proximity)

House of Valois (1st rule)

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". In 1494, Ludovico Sforza usurped the throne of Milan, after probably poisoning his nephew Gian Galeazzo. After the threats of the Venetians, Ludovico solicited French king Charles VIII to descend into Italy,[6] starting the First Italian War. After Ludovico's betrayal and alliance with the League of Venice in 1495, the French were defeated in the Battle of Fornovo and were unable to expand in Italy. Charles VIII's top general and cousin, Louis II, Duke of Orléans (future Louis XII), was humiliated and due to his personal hate toward Ludovico Sforza,[7] started to claim the Duchy of Milan for himself, quoting his paternal descendance from Valentina Visconti and Gian Galeazzo's last will. After Louis XII's ascension to the French Throne in 1499, he started the Second Italian War to conquer Milan and Naples. With French armies near Pavia, Ludovico and his loyalists left Milan on 17 September 1499 to flee toward Germany.[8] This left Louis XII as the only Duke of Milan, entering the city on 6 October 1499.[9]

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Louis XII
(Luigi XII)

1462Template:Ndash1515
(aged 52)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Louis-xii-roi-de-france.jpg File:Arms of Louis XII (Milan).svg 6 October 1499
Template:Ndash
20 June 1512
(1) Joan of France
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1476; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />ann.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1498)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Childless

(2) Anne of Brittany
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2 Daughters

(3) Mary of England
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Childless
Template:Bulleted list

House of Sforza (2nd rule)

Ludovico Sforza was captured on February 1500,[10] dying in prison in 1508. His son Massimiliano became the Sforza claimant to the Milanese Throne, which he finally re-gained in January 1513, six months after the Swiss army's entrance in Milan.

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Massimiliano
1493Template:Ndash1530
(aged 37)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Massimiliano Sforza by G.A. de Predis (Donatus Grammatica) photoshoped.jpg File:Arms of the House of Sforza.svg 16 June 1512
Template:Ndash
5 October 1515
Template:CNone Never married Son of Ludovico Sforza
(primogeniture)

House of Valois (2nd rule)

After their defeat in the Battle of Marignano in 1515, the Swiss retired from Milan and Massimiliano was imprisoned by the returning French troops. He waived his rights to Milan for the sum of 30,000 ducats and continued to live in France.[11]

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Francis I
(Francesco I)

1494Template:Ndash1547
(aged 52)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Franciscus Rex Galliae - Serie Gioviana.jpg File:Arms of Louis XII (Milan).svg 11 October 1515
Template:Ndash
20 November 1521
(1) Claude of France
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7 children

(2) Eleanor of Austria
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Childless
Template:Bulleted list

House of Sforza (3rd rule)

By November 1521, the French situation had deteriorated considerably. Emperor Charles V, Henry VIII of England, and Pope Leo X signed an alliance against Francis on 28 November.[12] Odet de Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, the French governor of Milan, was tasked with resisting the Imperial and Papal forces; he was outmatched by Prospero Colonna, however, and by late November had been forced out of Milan and had retreated to a ring of towns around the Adda River.[13] For the third time and last time, the Sforza were restored to power.

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Francesco II
1495Template:Ndash1535
(aged 40)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Francesco II Sforza by anonim.jpg File:Arms of the House of Sforza.svg 4 April 1522
Template:Ndash
24 October 1535
Christina of Denmark
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Childless
Son of Ludovico Sforza
(blood proximity)

House of Habsburg

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". In 1535, after the death of the heirless Francesco II Sforza, Emperor Charles V annexed the Duchy as a vacant imperial state in order to avoid other claims by the French or the collateral branches of Sforza.

House of Habsburg-Spain

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". In 1540, the Duchy was secretly given as a gift to Charles V's son Philip, Prince of Asturias. This was made official at the abdication of Charles V in 1555. In 1556, Philip became Philip II of Spain and Milan entered in personal union with the Spanish Crown.

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Philip I
(Filippo I)

1527Template:Ndash1598
(aged 71)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Philip II of Spain by Antonio Moro.jpg File:Arms of the King of Spain as Monarch of Milan (1580-1700).svg 11 October 1540
Template:Ndash
13 September 1598
(1) Maria Manuela of Portugal
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1 child

(2) Queen Mary I of England
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Childless

(3) Elisabeth of Valois
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2 children

(4) Anna of Austria
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1570; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1580)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
5 children
(1 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Title given by Emperor Charles V
Philip II
(Filippo II)

1578Template:Ndash1621
(aged 42)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Velázquez (Felipe III).jpg File:Arms of the King of Spain as Monarch of Milan (1580-1700).svg 13 September 1598
Template:Ndash
31 March 1621
Margaret of Austria
(<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1599; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1611)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
8 children
(5 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Son of Philip I
(blood proximity)
Philip III
(Filippo III)

1605Template:Ndash1665
(aged 60)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Diego Rodríguez Velázquez -Retrato Felipe IV Rey de España (Prado).jpg File:Arms of the King of Spain as Monarch of Milan (1580-1700).svg 31 March 1621
Template:Ndash
17 September 1665
(1) Elisabeth of France
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8 children
(2 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(2) Mariana of Austria
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5 children
(2 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
María Calderón
1 legitimized child
Son of Philip II
(primogeniture)
Charles I
(Carlo I)

1661Template:Ndash1700
(aged 38)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Claudio Coello - Charles II - Google Art Project.jpg File:Arms of the King of Spain as Monarch of Milan (1580-1700).svg 17 September 1665
Template:Ndash
1 November 1700
(1) Marie Louise d’Orléans
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Childless

(2) Maria Anna of Neuburg
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Childless
Son of Philip III
(blood proximity)

House of Bourbon-Anjou

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". In September 1700, Charles became ill; by 28 September he was no longer able to eat and Portocarrero persuaded him to alter his Will in favour of Louis XIV's grandson, Philip of Anjou.[14] When Charles died on 1 November 1700, the throne was offered to Philip, who was proclaimed King of Spain on 16 November 1700. This was accepted by Britain and the Dutch Republic, among others. Disputes over division of territories and commercial rights led to the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701.[15]

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Philip V
(Filippo V)

1683Template:Ndash1746
(aged 62)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Vivien - Philip V of Spain - New Castle Schleißheim.jpg File:Arms of the King of Spain as Monarch of Milan Philip V (1700).svg 1 November 1700
Template:Ndash
7 March 1714
(1) Maria Luisa of Savoy
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4 children
(2 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(2) Elisabeth Farnese
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6 children
Template:Bulleted list

House of Habsburg-Austria (then Habsburg-Lorraine)

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". After the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, Emperor Charles VI officially gained the Duchy of Milan, a possession considered vital to the security of Austria's southern border.[16] Since that moment, Milan was a permanent possession of the Austrian branch of the Habsburg dynasty.

Duke Arms Tenure Marriage(s)
Issue
Succession right(s)
Charles II
(Carlo II)

1685Template:Ndash1740
(aged 55)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Emperor Charles VI.jpg File:Coat of Arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine as Monarch of Milan (1707-1796).svg 7 March 1714
Template:Ndash
20 October 1740
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
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4 children
(3 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Bulleted list
Maria Theresa
(Maria Teresa)

1717Template:Ndash1780
(aged 63)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Jean-Étienne Liotard - Maria Theresia van Oostenrijk 2.jpg File:Coat of Arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine as Monarch of Milan (1707-1796).svg 20 October 1740
Template:Ndash
29 November 1780
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
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15 children
(10 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Bulleted list
Joseph I
(Giuseppe I)

1741Template:Ndash1790
(aged 48)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Joseph Hickel (attr) Joseph II als Mitregent seiner Mutter.jpg File:Coat of Arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine as Monarch of Milan (1707-1796).svg 29 November 1780
Template:Ndash
20 February 1790
(1) Isabella of Parma
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2 children
(Not survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(2) Maria Josepha of Bavaria
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Childless
Template:Bulleted list
Leopold I
(Leopoldo I)

1747Template:Ndash1792
(aged 44)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Kaiser Leopold II in Feldmarschallsuniform c1790.jpg File:Coat of Arms of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine as Monarch of Milan (1707-1796).svg 20 February 1790
Template:Ndash
1 March 1792
Maria Luisa of Spain
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16 children
(14 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Template:Bulleted list
Francis II
(Francesco II)

1768Template:Ndash1835
(aged 67)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
File:Franz II Kaiser.jpg File:Arms of the Duchy of Milan 1783.svg 1 March 1792
Template:Ndash
15 May 1796
(1) Elisabeth of Württemberg
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1 child
(Not survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(2) Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
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11 children
(7 survived to adulthood)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

(3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
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Childless

(4) Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
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Childless
Template:Bulleted list
Template:CNone Interregnum (1796Template:Ndash1814)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".:
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
11 April 1814
Template:Ndash
7 April 1815
Template:Xref Template:Arrow Template:Xref

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

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