List of natural disasters by death toll

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File:Global Multihazard Mortality Risks and Distribution (5457923756).jpg
Global multihazard mortality risks and distribution (2005) for cyclones, drought, earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanoes (excluding heat waves, snowstorms, and other deadly hazards).

A natural disaster is a sudden event that causes widespread destruction, major collateral damage, or loss of life, brought about by forces other than the acts of human beings. A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslide, hurricanes, etc. To be classified as a disaster, it must have profound environmental effects and/or loss of life and frequently causes financial loss.

Ten deadliest natural disasters by highest estimated death toll excluding epidemics and famines

This list takes into account only the highest estimated death toll for each disaster and lists them accordingly. It does not include epidemics and famines. The list also does not include the 1938 Yellow River flood, which was caused by the deliberate destruction of dikes. The Shaanxi earthquake has not been included here which killed approximately 830,000 people in 1556.

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Death toll (Highest estimate) Event Location Date
Template:Nts[1]Template:Efn 1931 China floods China Template:Dts
Template:Nts[2][3][4] 1887 Yellow River flood Template:Dts
Template:NtsTemplate:Efn 1976 Tangshan earthquake Template:Dts
Template:Nts[5][1] 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) Template:Dts
Template:Nts[6] 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti Template:Dts
Template:Nts[7] 526 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire (now Hatay/Turkey) Template:Dts
Template:Nts[8] 1839 Coringa cyclone Andhra Pradesh, India Template:Dts
Template:Nts[9] 1737 Calcutta cyclone West Bengal and Bangladesh Template:Dts
Template:Nts[10] 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China Template:Dts
Template:Nts[11] 1139 Ganja earthquake Seljuk Empire (present-day Azerbaijan) Template:Dts

Deadliest natural disasters by year excluding epidemics and famines

20th century

Year Death tolls Event Countries affected Type Date
1900 6,000–12,000 1900 Galveston hurricane United States Tropical cyclone September 9
1901 9,500 1901 eastern United States heat wave United States Heat wave June–July
1902 29,000 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée Martinique Volcanic eruption April–August
1903 3,500 1903 Manzikert earthquake Turkey Earthquake April 29
1904 400 1904 Sichuan earthquake China August 30
1905 20,000+ 1905 Kangra earthquake India April 4
1906 15,000 1906 Hong Kong typhoon Hong Kong Tropical cyclone September 18
1907 12,000–15,000 1907 Qaratog earthquake Uzbekistan Earthquake October 21
1908 75,000–82,000 1908 Messina earthquake Italy December 28
1909 6,000–8,000 1909 Borujerd earthquake Iran January 23
1910 2,450 1910 Costa Rica earthquakes Costa Rica May 4
1911 41,072[12] 1911 France heat wave France Heat wave June–August
1912 50,000–220,000 1912 China typhoon China Tropical cyclone August 29
1913 942–1,900 1913 Eshan earthquake China Earthquake December 21
1914 2,344 1914 Burdur earthquake Turkey October 4
1915 29,978-32,610 1915 Avezzano earthquake Italy January 13
1916 2,000–10,000 White Friday avalanches Italy Avalanche December 13
1917 1,500 1917 Bali earthquake Indonesia Earthquake January 21
1918 1,000 1918 Shantou earthquake China February 13
1919 5,000 1919 Kelud mudflow Indonesia Volcanic eruption May 19
1920 258,707–273,407 1920 Haiyuan earthquake China, Mongolia Earthquake December 16
1921 215 September 1921 San Antonio floods United States Flood September 7 –11
1922 50,000–100,000+ 1922 Shantou typhoon Philippines, China Tropical cyclone July 27 –August 3
1923 105,385-142,800 1923 Great Kantō earthquake Japan Earthquake September 1
1924 1,000 Great flood of 99 India Flood July
1925 5,000 1925 Dali earthquake China Earthquake March 16
1926 709 1926 Havana–Bermuda hurricane Cuba, United States, Bahamas, Bermuda Tropical cyclone October 14 –28
1927 40,912 1927 Gulang earthquake China, Tibet Earthquake May 22
1928 4,112+ 1928 Okeechobee hurricane United States, Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, Bahamas, Dominica, Tropical cyclone September 12 –21
1929 3,257–3,800 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake Iran, Turkmenistan Earthquake May 1
1930 2,000–8,000 1930 San Zenón hurricane Dominican Republic Tropical cyclone September 3
1931 422,499–4,000,000 1931 China floods China Flood July – November
1932 3,103+ 1932 Cuba hurricane Cayman Islands, Cuba Tropical cyclone November 9
1933 6,865–9,300 1933 Diexi earthquake China Earthquake August 25
1934 10,700–12,000 1934 Nepal–India earthquake Nepal, India January 15
1935 145,000 1935 Yangtze flood China Flood July 6
1936 5,000+ 1936 North American heat wave United States, Canada Heat wave June – September
1937 11,021 1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon China Tropical cyclone September 2
1938 715+ 1938 Hanshin flood Japan Flood July
1939 32,700–32,968 1939 Erzincan earthquake Turkey Earthquake December 27
1940 1,000 1940 Vrancea earthquake Romania November 10
1941 1,200 1941 Jabal Razih earthquake Yemen January 11
1942 61,000 1942 West Bengal cyclone India Tropical cyclone October 14 – 18
1943 2,824-5,000 1943 Tosya–Ladik earthquake Turkey Earthquake November 27
1944 10,000 1944 San Juan earthquake Argentina January 15
1945 4,000 1945 Balochistan earthquake Pakistan November 28
1946 2,550 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake Dominican Republic August 4
1947 1,077 Typhoon Kathleen Japan Tropical cyclone September 15
1948 10,000–110,000 1948 Ashgabat earthquake Soviet Union, Iran Earthquake October 6
1949 7,200 1949 Khait earthquake Tajikistan Earthquake July 10
1950 4,800 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake India, China August 15
1951 4,800 1951 Manchuria flood China Flood September 18
1952 2,336 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake Russia Earthquake November 4
1953 2,551 North Sea flood of 1953 Netherlands, Belgium, England, Scotland Flood January 31–February 1
1954 33,000 1954 Yangtze floods China June – September
1955 1,023+ Hurricane Janet Lesser Antilles, Mexico Tropical cyclone September 22 – 30
1956 4,935 Typhoon Wanda China August 1
1957 1,500 1957 Sangchal earthquake Iran Earthquake July 2
1958 1,269 Typhoon Ida Japan Tropical cyclone September 26
1959 5,098 Typhoon Vera
1960 14,174 Severe Cyclonic Storm Ten East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) October 31
1961 11,468 Cyclone Winnie May 6 – 9
1962 50,935 Tropical Storm Harriet Thailand, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) October 19 – 31
1963 22,000 Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Two East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) May 28
1964 7,000 Tropical Storm Joan Vietnam November 4 – 11
1965 47,000 1965 Bengal cyclones East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) May 11 – 12 and June 1 – 2
1966 8,064 1966 Xingtai earthquakes China Earthquake March 22
1967 10,000 1967 Paradip cyclone[13] India Tropical cyclone October 26
1968 15,000 1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquakes Iran Earthquake August 31
1969 3,000 1969 Yangjiang earthquake China July 26
1970 300,000-500,000 1970 Bhola cyclone India, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) Tropical cyclone November 13
1971 100,000 Hanoi and Red River Delta flood North Vietnam Flood August 1
1972 5,374 1972 Qir earthquake Iran Earthquake April 10
1972 4,000-11,000 1972 Managua earthquake Nicaragua December 23
1973 2,175–2,204 1973 Luhuo earthquake China February 6
1974 8,210+ Hurricane Fifi–Orlene Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico Tropical cyclone September 18 – 20
1975 26,000-240,000 1975 Banqiao Dam Failure disaster triggered by Typhoon Nina China August 7
1976 242,419–655,000Template:Efn 1976 Tangshan earthquake Earthquake July 28
1977 10,000–50,000 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone India Tropical cyclone November 19
1978 15,000–25,000 1978 Tabas earthquake Iran Earthquake September 16
1979 2,078 Hurricane David Dominican Republic, Dominica Tropical cyclone August 15 – September 8
1980 2,633-5,000 1980 El Asnam earthquake Algeria Earthquake October 10
1981 3,000 1981 Golbaf earthquake Iran June 11
1982 2,800 1982 North Yemen earthquake Yemen December 13
1983 1,342 1983 Erzurum earthquake Turkey October 30
1984 1,474 Typhoon Ike Philippines Tropical cyclone August 26 – September 6
1985 23,000 Armero tragedy Colombia Volcanic eruption November 13
1986 1,746 Lake Nyos disaster Cameroon Limnic eruption August 21
1987 1,000 1987 Ecuador earthquakes Ecuador Earthquake March 6
1988 25,000-50,000 1988 Armenian earthquake Armenia December 7
1989 3,814 1989 Sichuan flood China Flood July 27
1990 35,000-45,000 1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake Iran Earthquake June 21
1991 138,866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh Tropical cyclone April 24 – 30
1992 2,500 1992 Flores earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Earthquake, Tsunami December 12
1993 9,748 1993 Latur earthquake India Earthquake September 30
1994 3,063 Typhoon Fred China, Taiwan Tropical cyclone August 21
1995 6,434 Great Hanshin earthquake Japan Earthquake January 17
1996 1,077 1996 Andhra Pradesh cyclone India Tropical cyclone November 4 – 7
1997 3,123 Tropical Storm Linda Vietnam, Thailand Tropical cyclone, Flood November 1 – 9
1998 11,374 Hurricane Mitch Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Belize, Mexico Tropical cyclone October 22 – November 9
1999 10,000-30,000 Vargas tragedy Venezuela Mudslide, Flood December 14 – 16
2000 700–800 2000 Mozambique flood Mozambique Flood February – March

21st century

Year Death toll Event Countries affected Type Date
2001 13,805–20,023 2001 Gujarat earthquake India Earthquake January 26
2002 1,200 2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes Afghanistan March 25
2003 72,000 2003 European heat wave Europe Heat wave July – August
2004 227,898 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Maldives, Somalia Earthquake, Tsunami December 26
2005 86,000–87,351 2005 Kashmir earthquake India, Pakistan Earthquake October 8
2006 5,749–5,778 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake Indonesia May 26
2007 15,000 Cyclone Sidr Bangladesh, India Tropical cyclone November 11 – 16
2008 138,373 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar April 27 – May 3
2009 1,115 2009 Sumatra earthquakes Indonesia Earthquake September 30
2010 100,000–316,000 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake January 12
2011 19,749 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami Japan Earthquake, Tsunami March 11
2012 1,901 Typhoon Bopha Philippines Tropical cyclone December 4 – 5
2013 6,340 Typhoon Haiyan Philippines, Vietnam, China November 8 – 10
2014 2,700 2014 Badakhshan mudslides Afghanistan Landslide May 2
2015 8,964 April 2015 Nepal earthquake Nepal, India Earthquake April 25
2016 1,111[14] 2016 Indian heat wave India Heat wave April – May
2017 3,059 Hurricane Maria Puerto Rico, Dominica Tropical cyclone September 19 – 21
2018 4,340 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami Indonesia Earthquake, Tsunami September 28
2019 3,951+ 2019 European heat waves Europe Heat wave June – July
2020 6,511 2020 South Asian floods Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Floods May – October
2021 2,248 2021 Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake August 14
2022 68,000+[15] 2022 European heatwaves Europe Heat wave June 12 – September 12
2023 59,259–62,013 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes Turkey, Syria Earthquake February 6
2024 1,878 2024 India floods India Floods 26 May – 30 September
2025 5,456 2025 Myanmar earthquake Myanmar, Thailand Earthquake 28 March

Lists of deadliest natural disasters by cause

Avalanche and landslides (landslips)

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Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. Template:Nts 1786 Dadu River landslide dam; triggered by the 1786 Kangding-Luding earthquake[16] China Template:Dts
1920 Haiyuan landslides; triggered by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake[16] Template:Dts
3. Template:Nts+ Landslides triggered by the 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake.[17] Template:Dts
4. Template:Nts 1970 Huascarán avalanche; triggered by the 1970 Ancash earthquake[18] Peru Template:Dts
5. Template:Nts–30,000 Vargas tragedy[19] Venezuela 1999
Template:Nts White Friday avalanches[20][21] Italy Template:Dts
7. Template:Nts–28,000 Khait landslide[22][23] Tajikistan Template:Dts
8. Template:Nts–6,000 1941 Huaraz avalanche[24] Peru Template:Dts
Template:Nts 1962 Huascarán avalanche[18] Template:Dts
10. Template:Nts 1310 Western Hubei landslide[16] China Template:Dts

Disease outbreaksScript error: No such module "anchor".

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Death counts are historical totals unless indicated otherwise. Events in boldface are ongoing.

Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date Pathogen − (disease caused)
1. 75–200 million[25] Black Death Europe, Asia and North Africa 1346–1353 Yersinia pestis − (Plague)
2. 50 million+ (17–100 million)[26][27] Spanish flu Worldwide 1918–1920 Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 − (Influenza/"the flu")
3. 43 million (as of 2024)[28] HIV/AIDS pandemic Worldwide 1981–present Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) − (HIV/AIDS)
4. 30–50 million[29][30][31] Plague of Justinian Europe and West Asia 541–542 Yersinia pestis − (Plague)
5. 7–29 million[32][33][34] COVID-19 pandemic Worldwide 2019–2023[35] SARS-CoV-2 − (COVID-19)
6. 12–24 million (Indian Subcontinent and China)[36] Third plague pandemic Worldwide 1855–1960 Yersinia pestis − (Bubonic plague)
7. 5–15 million[37][38][39][40] Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548 Mexico 1545–1548 Uncertain. Likely Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica − (Enteric fever) or viral hemorrhagic fever but no consensus.
8. 5–10 million[41] Antonine Plague Roman Empire 165–180 (possibly up to 190) Likely Variola − (Smallpox), possibly alongside Measles morbillivirus − (Measles)
9. 5–8 million[39] 1520 Mexico smallpox epidemic Mexico 1519–1520 Variola virus − (Smallpox)
10. 2.5 million[42] 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic Russia 1918–1922 Rickettsia prowazekii − (Epidemic typhus)

EarthquakesScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. Template:Nts–655,000[43] 1976 Tangshan earthquake China Template:Dts
2. Template:Nts 2010 Haiti earthquake Haiti Template:Dts
3. Template:Nts–300,000[7] 526 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire (now Turkey) Template:Dts
4. Template:Nts[10] 1920 Haiyuan earthquake Ningxia, Republic of China (now People's Republic of China) Template:Dts
5. 270,000 1303 Hongdong earthquake[44] Mongol Empire (now China) Template:Dts
6. Template:Nts[45] 115 Antioch earthquake Roman Empire (now Turkey) Template:Dts
7. Template:Nts 1138 Aleppo earthquake Zengid dynasty (now Syria) Template:Dts
1139 Ganja earthquake Seljuk Empire (now Azerbaijan) 20 September 1139
9. Template:Nts 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake Indonesia Template:Dts
10. Template:Nts 856 Damghan earthquake Abbasid Caliphate (now Iran) Template:Dts

FaminesScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Note: Some of these famines may have been caused or partially caused by humans.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 11,000,000–40,000,000 Great Chinese Famine China Template:Dts–1961
2. 25,000,000[46] Chinese famine of 1906–1907 Qing dynasty Template:Dts–1907
3. 9,000,000–13,000,000[47] Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879 Template:Dts–1879
4. 11,000,000 Chalisa famine North India Template:Dts–1784
Doji bara famine or Skull famine India Template:Dts–1793
6. 10,000,000 Great Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa British company India Template:Dts–1773
7. 7,500,000 Great European Famine Europe Template:Dts–1317
8. 7,400,000 Deccan famine of 1630–1632 Mughal Empire, now India Template:Dts–1632
9. 5,000,000–8,000,000 Soviet famine of 1930–1933 Soviet Union Template:Dts–1933
10. 5,500,000 Indian Great Famine of 1876–1878 British India Template:Dts–1878

FloodsScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Note: Some of these floods and landslides may be partially caused by humans – for example, by failure of dams, levees, seawalls or retaining walls.
This list does not include the man-made 1938 Yellow River flood caused entirely by a deliberate man-made act (an act of war, destroying dikes).

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 422,499–4,000,000[48] 1931 China floods China 1931
2. 930,000–2,000,000 1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood 1887
3. 230,000[49] 1975 Banqiao Dam failure 1975
4. 145,000 1935 Yangtze flood 1935
5. 100,000+ St. Felix's flood, storm surge Holy Roman Empire 1530
7. 100,000 [50] 1911 Yangtze River flood China 1911
8. 100,000[51][52][53][54] The flood of 1099 Netherlands & England 1099
9. 50,000–80,000[52] St. Lucia's flood, storm surge Holy Roman Empire 1287
10. 60,000 North Sea flood, storm surge 1212

Heat wavesScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Note: Measuring the number of deaths caused by a heat wave requires complicated statistical analysis, since heat waves tend to cause large numbers of deaths among people weakened by other conditions. As a result, the number of deaths is only known with any accuracy for heat waves in the modern era in countries with developed healthcare systems.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 72,000 2003 European heatwave Europe 2003
2. 68,000+[15] 2022 European heatwaves Europe 2022
3. 56,000 2010 Russian heat wave Russia 2010
4. 47,000+[15] 2023 European heatwaves Europe 2023
5. 41,072[12] 1911 France heat wave France 1911
6. 9,500 1901 eastern United States heat wave United States 1901
7. 5,000–10,000 1988–1990 North American drought United States 1988
8. 3,951 2019 European heatwaves Europe 2019
9. 3,418[55] 2006 European heatwave 2006
10. 2,541[55] 1998 Indian heat wave India 1998

Limnic eruptionsScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Note: Only 2 cases in recorded history.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,744 Lake Nyos disaster Cameroon August 21, 1986
2. 37 Lake Monoun disaster August 15, 1984

TornadoesScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,300 The Daulatpur–Saturia tornado Manikganj, Bangladesh 1989
2. 751 The 1925 Tri-State tornado United States (Missouri–Illinois–Indiana) 1925
3. 681 The 1973 Faridpur District tornado Bangladesh 1973
4. 660 1969 East Pakistan tornado East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 1969
5. 600 The Valletta, Malta tornado Malta 1551 or 1556
6. 500 The 1851 Sicily tornadoes Sicily, Two Sicilies (now Italy) 1851
Narail-Magura tornado Jessore, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 1964
Madaripur-Shibchar tornado Bangladesh 1977
9. 400 The 1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak Soviet Union (Volga Federal District, Central Federal District, and Northwestern Federal District in Russia) 1984
10. 317 The Great Natchez Tornado United States (Mississippi–Louisiana) 1840

Tropical cyclonesScript error: No such module "anchor".

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Note: Earlier versions of this list have included the so-called "Bombay Cyclone of 1882" in tenth position, but this supposed event has been proven to be a hoax.

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 500,000+ 1970 Bhola cyclone East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) Template:Dts
2. Template:Nts 1839 Coringa cyclone[8] British India (now India and Bangladesh) Template:Dts
3. 300,000+ 1737 Calcutta cyclone Template:Dts
4. 229,000 Super Typhoon Nina—contributed to Banqiao Dam failure China Template:Dts
5. 200,000[56] Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 British Raj (now Bangladesh) Template:Dts
6. 138,866 1991 Bangladesh cyclone Bangladesh Template:Dts
7. 138,373 Cyclone Nargis Myanmar Template:Dts
8. 100,000 July 1780 typhoon[57] Philippines Template:Dts
9. 60,000+ 1864 Calcutta cyclone India and Bangladesh Template:Dts
10. 50,000-220,000 1912 China typhoon China Template:Dts

TsunamisScript error: No such module "anchor".

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Note: A possible tsunami in 1782 that caused about 40,000 deaths in the Taiwan Strait area may have been of "meteorological" origin (a cyclone).[58]

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. Template:Nts 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami Indian Ocean Template:Dts
2. Template:Nts[59] 1908 Messina earthquake Italy Template:Dts
3. Template:Nts 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Indonesia Template:Dts
4. Template:Nts–50,000[60] 1755 Lisbon earthquake Portugal Template:Dts
5. Template:Nts–100,000 Minoan eruption Greece Template:Dts2nd Millennium BC
6. Template:Nts 1498 Meiō earthquake Japan Template:Dts
7. Template:Nts 1707 Hōei earthquake Template:Dts
8. Template:Nts[61] 1896 Sanriku earthquake Template:Dts
9. Template:Nts 1868 Arica earthquake Chile Template:Dts
10. Template:Nts[62]–50,000[63] 365 Crete earthquake Greece Template:Dts

Volcanic eruptionsScript error: No such module "anchor".

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 71,000+[64] 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora (see also Year Without a Summer) Indonesia Template:Dts
2. 36,000+[65] 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Template:Dts
3. 30,000[66] 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée Martinique Template:Dts
4. 23,000[67] Armero tragedy Colombia Template:Dts
5. 15,000[68] 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami Japan Template:Dts
6. 13,000[69] Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD Italy Template:Dts
7. 10,000+ 1586 Kelud eruption Indonesia Template:Dts
8. 6,000[70] 1902 Santa Maria eruption Guatemala Template:Dts
9. 5,000[71] 1919 Kelud mudflow Indonesia Template:Dts
10. 4,011[72] 1822 Galunggung eruption Template:Dts

WildfiresScript error: No such module "anchor".

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Rank Death toll Event Location Date
1. 1,200–2,500 Peshtigo fire Wisconsin, United States Template:Dts
2. 1,000+ Kursha-2 fire Soviet Union Template:Dts
3. 453 Cloquet fire[73] Minnesota, United States Template:Dts
4. 418–476 Great Hinckley Fire Template:Dts
5. 282 Thumb Fire Michigan, United States Template:Dts
6. 240 1997 Indonesian forest fires[74][75] Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia Template:Dts
7. 160–300 1825 Miramichi fire Canada Template:Dts
8. 223 Matheson Fire Ontario, Canada Template:Dts
9. 211 1987 Black Dragon fire[74][75] China and Soviet Union Template:Dts
10. 173 Black Saturday bushfires[74][75] Australia Template:Dts

Winter stormsScript error: No such module "anchor".

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Rank Death toll (estimate) Event Location Date
1. Template:Nts 1972 Iran blizzard Iran Template:Dts
2. Template:Nts Carolean Death March Norway Template:Dts
3. Template:Nts 2008 Afghanistan blizzard Afghanistan Template:Dts
4. Template:Nts Great Blizzard of 1888 United States Template:Dts
5. Template:Nts Great Appalachian Storm of 1950 Template:Dts
6. Template:Nts 1993 Storm of the Century Template:Dts
7. Template:Nts 2021 North American winter storm United States and Mexico Template:Dts
8. Template:Nts December 1960 nor'easter United States Template:Dts
9. Template:Nts Great Lakes Storm of 1913 United States and Canada (Great Lakes region) Template:Dts
10. Template:Nts Schoolhouse Blizzard United States Template:Dts

See also

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Other lists organized by death toll

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Notes

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References

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External links

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ Template:Cite report
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  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Rosen, William (2007), Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe Template:Webarchive. Viking Adult; p. 3; Template:ISBN.
  30. ↑ Andrew Ekonomou. Byzantine Rome and the Greek Popes. Lexington Books, 2007
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Infectious Diseases: Plague Through History Template:Webarchive, sciencemag.org
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ "Past pandemics that ravaged Europe" Template:Webarchive, BBC News, November 7, 2005
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Dimensions of need – People and populations at risk Template:Webarchive. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Edwards, Beau. "Jiangsu-Anhui flood, 1911". disasterhistory.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2025. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  55. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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