List of Interstate Highways in Michigan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". <templatestyles src="Infobox road/styles.css" />Script error: No such module "Infobox".

The Interstate Highways in Michigan are the segments of the national Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways[1] that are owned and maintained by the U.S. state of Michigan,[2] totaling about Script error: No such module "convert"..[3] The longest of these, Interstate 75 (I-75), is also the longest highway of any kind in the state.[4] On a national level, the standards and numbering for the system are handled by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), while the highways in Michigan are maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) and the Mackinac Bridge Authority (MBA). The Interstates in Michigan have their origins in World War II-era expressways built in the Detroit area. After the system was created in 1956, the state highway department completed its first border-to-border Interstate in 1960. The last highway was completed in 1992, giving Michigan a total of 13 Interstate freeways. The original allotment of mileage to Michigan which would receive federal funding was expanded in 1968, and the United States Congress designated an additional highway in the 1990s that has not yet been built.

There are also 26 current business routes that connect cities bypassed by the Interstates; 22 are business loops that connect on both ends to their parent highway, and four are business spurs that connect on only one end. I-496 had the Capitol Loop as its connection to the Michigan State Capitol in downtown Lansing. Another six business routes have been designated but are either no longer signed or maintained as state highways.

Description

MDOT is the agency responsible for the day-to-day maintenance and operations of the State Trunkline Highway System, which includes the Interstate Highways in Michigan. These highways are built to Interstate Highway standards,[5] meaning they are all freeways with minimum requirements for full control of access, design speeds of Script error: No such module "convert". depending on type of terrain, a minimum of two travel lanes in each direction, and specific widths of lanes or shoulders;[6] exceptions from these standards have to be approved by the FHWA.[7] The numbering scheme used to designate the Interstates was developed by AASHTO, an organization composed of the various state departments of transportation in the United States.[8]

The Interstate Highway System covers about Script error: No such module "convert". in the state and consists of four primary highways and nine auxiliary highways. There are additional 29 business routes associated with the system in Michigan. The longest segment of Interstate Highway in the state is Interstate 75 (I-75) at just under Script error: No such module "convert".; the shortest is I-375 at Script error: No such module "convert".. The length of I-75, the longest highway of any kind in the state,[4] includes the Mackinac Bridge, which is maintained by the MBA, the only section of state highway not under MDOT jurisdiction.[lower-alpha 1] The Mackinac Bridge is one of three monumental bridges in the state used by I-75; the others are the Zilwaukee and International bridges. A fourth, the privately owned Ambassador Bridge connects I-75 and I-96 in Detroit to Canada.[10]

History

Construction of the first expressways in Michigan predates the Interstate Highway System. During World War II, the Michigan State Highway Department (MSHD)[lower-alpha 2] built the Willow Run and Detroit Industrial expressways (now part of I-94) to carry workers from Detroit to the defense plants at Willow Run Airport.[13] The state created the Michigan Turnpike Authority (MTA) in 1951,[14] which proposed the construction of a toll freeway to run north–south in the state. The original termini for the Michigan Turnpike were Bridgeport and Rockwood.[15] Interagency politics stalled progress on any proposed turnpikes[16] while MSHD had three freeways under planning or construction.[17]

Map
1958 planning map for Michigan's Interstate Highways

The Interstate Highway System was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956,[18] and the state had already designed several freeways for its portion of that system. Seizing the opportunity brought by a 1957 state law, the department sold $700 million in bonds (equivalent to $Template:Formatprice in 2011Template:Inflation-fn) in the late 1950s and early 1960s to finance land purchases and construction of the new freeways. The goal was to connect every city with a population over 50,000 with four-lane freeways that could accommodate rural traffic traveling at Script error: No such module "convert"..[17] The MSHD delayed numbering these freeways as part of the Interstate Highway System until the federal government had finalized the designations to be assigned to Michigan's freeways.[19] The first highway to be signed as an Interstate in Michigan was I-75, which received signage in late 1959, along a section near the Ohio state line that opened to traffic in October 1957.[20][21] I-94 was the first of the Interstates to be completed border to border in a US state.[22] In 1974, the state implemented mileage-based exit numbers along the Interstates in Michigan.[23]

The MSHD asked for Script error: No such module "convert". in additions to the state's Interstate mileage in 1968. Included in these requests were the extension of the Davison Freeway (now M-8), the extension of I-69 from Marshall to Port Huron, and the conversion of the northern sections of US Highway 23 (US 23) and US 131.[24] Of these, the I-69 proposal was approved when the United States Congress extended it to terminate in at I-75 in Flint. The highway was lengthened twice more: to I-475 in 1973 and to Port Huron on February 10, 1987.[25] These last two extensions were classified non-chargeable mileage, or segments not financed through the Interstate Highway fund.[26] The federal government paid 90 percent of the cost of the chargeable mileage originally approved.[17]

The last of Michigan's Interstates to be completed was I-69, the last segment of which opened in 1992.[27] Since then, the United States Congress has designated an additional primary Interstate, I-73 in the state. All studies by MDOT on that highway were cancelled in 2001 over funding concerns.[28] Press reports state there is a "lack of need" for the freeway in the state,[29] and the department has no plans to revive I-73 as of 2011.[30] If built as designated, I-73 would cross into Michigan near Toledo, Ohio, and connect Jackson, Lansing, and Clare to I-75 at Grayling.[31]

Primary Interstates

Template:Routelist top Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist bottom

Auxiliary Interstates

Template:Routelist top Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row was completed in 1974[32] as a connector from Grand Rapids to I-94 in the Benton Harbor–St. Joseph area. Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist bottom

Proposed Interstates

Number Southern or western terminus Northern or eastern terminus Notes
File:I-67 (MI 1957).svg I-67 South Bend, IN Kalamazoo Proposed designation in 1957 for what was shifted to become I-69[33][34]
Benton Harbor Grand Rapids Later proposed in 1958 and 1963 for what became I-196[35][34]
File:I-73.svg I-73 Newport Novi Proposed in 1958 for what became I-275[34]
Ottawa Lake Grayling[lower-alpha 3] Designated by Congress in 1991 and 1995, but all future study halted by MDOT; essentially removed from consideration[28][31][36]
File:I-77 (MI 1957).svg I-77 Erie Port Huron Proposed designation in 1957 for what became I-94 from Detroit to Port Huron and cosigned with I-75 from Detroit to state line[33]
File:I-92 (MI 1957).svg I-92 Benton Harbor Detroit Proposed designation in 1957 for what became I-94 from Detroit to Benton Harbor[33]
File:I-94N (MI 1957).svg I-94N Muskegon Grand Rapids Proposed designation in 1957 for what became I-196, and now I-96 from Grand Rapids to Muskegon[33]
File:I-98 (MI 1957).svg I-98 Novi St. Clair Shores Proposed designation in 1958 for what became I-696[34]
— Grand Rapids Mackinaw City Request from 1968 for a designation along US 131[37][38]
— Standish Cheboygan Request from 1968 for a designation along US 23[37][38]

Business routes

Template:Routelist top Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist row Template:Routelist bottom

See also

Notes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ The Mackinac Bridge Authority (MBA) is an independent state agency responsible for the Mackinac Bridge and thus maintains that section of the overall highway system. The MBA works with MDOT but does not report to it. The executive secretary of the MBA is appointed by MDOT with MBA approval.[9]
  2. ↑ The Michigan State Highway Department was reorganized into the Michigan Department of State Highways and Transportation on August 23, 1973,[11] and the name was later shortened to its current form in 1978.[12]
  3. ↑ The legislation defining the I-73 corridor specifies Sault Ste. Marie and Detroit as the northern termini, but the Grayling–Sault Ste. Marie or Toledo–Detroit segments overlap I-75 with no requirement to overlap the highway designations. Similarly, Congress included I-94 between Chicago and Port Huron in the I-69 corridor to make it eligible for funding.[31]

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

Footnotes

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  2. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  3. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  6. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  11. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  12. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  13. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  14. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b c Template:Harvp.
  18. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  19. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  20. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  21. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". In Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". In Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Works cited

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

Further reading

<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Side box". Template:Attached KML


Script error: No such module "Category handler".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Michigan&oldid=6420063"