Federal Highway Administration

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox government agency The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is a division of the United States Department of Transportation that specializes in highway transportation. The agency's major activities are grouped into two programs, the Federal-aid Highway Program and the Federal Lands Highway Program. Its role had previously been performed by the Office of Road Inquiry, Office of Public Roads and the Bureau of Public Roads.

History

Background

With the coming of the bicycle in the 1890s, interest grew regarding the improvement of streets and roads in America. The traditional method of putting the burden on maintaining roads on local landowners was increasingly inadequate. In 1893, the federal Office of Road Inquiry (ORI) was founded; in 1905, it was renamed the Office of Public Roads (OPR) and made a division of the United States Department of Agriculture.

Demands grew for local and state government to take charge. With the coming of the automobile, urgent efforts were made to upgrade and modernize dirt roads designed for horse-drawn wagon traffic. In 1910, the American Association for Highway Improvement was organized. Funding came from automobile registration, and taxes on motor fuels, as well as state aid. By 1914, there were 2.4 million miles of rural dirt rural roads; 100,000 miles had been improved with grading and gravel, and 3,000 miles were given high-quality surfacing. The rapidly increasing speed of automobiles, and especially trucks, made maintenance and repair high-priority items.

In 1915, OPR's name was changed to the Bureau of Public Roads. The following year, federal aid was first made available to improve post roads and promote general commerce: $75 million over five years, issued through the BPR in cooperation with the state highway departments.[1][2]

In 1939, BPR was renamed to the Public Roads Administration (PRA) and shifted to the Federal Works Agency. After the FWA was abolished in 1949, the organization was once again named the Bureau of Public Roads; it was placed under the Department of Commerce.[3]

From 1917 through 1941, 261,000 miles of highways were built with $3.17 billion in federal aid and $2.14 billion in state and local funds.[lower-alpha 1]

Creation

The Federal Highway Administration was created on October 15, 1966, along with the Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety and the National Highway Safety Bureau (now known as National Highway Traffic Safety Administration), as part of the new U.S. Department of Transportation.[5] The FHWA took over the functions of the Bureau of Public Roads the following year.

Functions

The FHWA's role in the Federal-aid Highway Program is to oversee federal funds to build and maintain the National Highway System (primarily Interstate highways, U.S. highways and most state highways). This funding mostly comes from the federal gasoline tax and mostly goes to state departments of transportation.[6] The FHWA oversees projects using these funds to ensure that federal requirements for project eligibility, contract administration and construction standards are adhered to.

Under the Federal Lands Highway Program (sometimes called "direct fed"), the FHWA provides highway design and construction services for various federal land-management agencies, such as the Forest Service and the National Park Service. The FLHP also jointly administers the Indian Reservation Roads Program.

In addition to these programs, the FHWA performs and sponsors research in the areas of roadway safety, congestion, highway materials and construction methods, and provides funding to local technical assistance program centers to disseminate research results to local highway agencies.

The FHWA also publishes the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), which is used by most highway agencies in the United States. The MUTCD provides such standards as the size, color and height of traffic signs, traffic signals and road surface markings.

Programs

Long-Term Pavement Performance Program

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) is a program supported by the FHWA to collect and analyse road data. The LTPP program was initiated by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Research Council (NRC) in the early 1980s. The FHWA with the cooperation of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) sponsored the program. As a result of this program, the FHWA has collected a huge database of road performance. The FHWA and the ASCE hold an annual contest known as LTPP International Data Analysis Contest, which is based on challenging researchers to answer a question based on the LTPP data.[7]

Every Day Counts initiative

In 2010, FHWA launched the Every Day Counts (EDC) initiative to identify and deploy innovations to reduce project delivery time, enhance safety, and protect the environment.[8][9][10][11] EDC is a state-based model that rapidly deploys proven, yet underutilized innovations. FHWA works with State transportation departments, local governments, tribes, private industry, and other stakeholders to identify a new collection of innovations to champion every two years that merit accelerated deployment. Among the approaches promoted by the EDC effort are: adaptive traffic control to reduce fuel consumption and improve travel time reliability; alternative intersection design; prefabricated bridge elements and systems; high-friction surface treatments; warm mix asphalt; ultra-high-performance concrete; virtual public involvement; and time-saving strategies such as rapid bridge replacement.[12] Since the inception of EDC, each state has used 26 or more of the 57 innovations and some states have deployed more than 45. Many of these practices have become mainstream practices across the country.[13]

Organization

The Federal Highway Administration is overseen by an administrator appointed by the President of the United States by and with the consent of the United States Senate. The administrator works under the direction of the Secretary of Transportation and Deputy Secretary of Transportation. The internal organization of the FHWA is as follows:[14]

Administrators

The following persons served as the administrator of the Federal Highway Administration or one of its predecessors:[15]

No. Portrait Administrator Term started Term ended Notes
1 File:Col.Roy Stone.jpg Roy Stone October 3, 1893 October 13, 1899 Special agent and engineer for the Office of Road Inquiry[16][17]
2 File:Martin Dodge.png Martin Dodge January 31, 1899 1905 Director of the Office of Public Road Inquiries[16][17]
3 File:Logan Waller Page.png Logan Waller Page 1905 December 9, 1918
4 File:ThomasHMacDonald.jpg Thomas Harris MacDonald April 1, 1919 June 30, 1939 Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads[16][17]
July 1, 1939 August 19, 1949 Administrator of the Public Roads Administration[16][17]
August 20, 1949 March 31, 1953 Commissioner of the Bureau of Public Roads[16][17]
5 File:Francis Victor DuPont.png Francis Victor du Pont April 1, 1953 January 14, 1955
6 File:Charles Dwight (CAP) Curtiss.png Charles Dwight Curtiss January 14, 1955 October 1956
7 File:John Volpe (1970).jpg John A. Volpe October 22, 1956 February 5, 1957
8 File:Bertram D Tallamy.png Bertram D. Tallamy February 5, 1957 January 20, 1961
9 File:Rex Marion Whitton.png Rex Marion Whitton January 20, 1961 December 30, 1966
10 File:Lowell K. Bridwell.jpg Lowell K. Bridwell March 23, 1967 March 31, 1967 Commissioner of the Bureau of Public Roads[16][17]
April 1, 1967 January 20, 1969 Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration[16][17]
11 File:Francis Cutler Turner.png Francis Turner March 13, 1969 June 30, 1972
acting File:Ralph Bartelsmeyer.jpg Ralph Bartelsmeyer July 1, 1972 June 1, 1973 [18]
12 File:Norbert Tiemann Nebraska Blue Book.png Norbert Tiemann June 1, 1973 March 31, 1977
13 File:William M Cox.png William M. Cox April 7, 1977 May 1, 1978
14 File:Karl S Bowers.png Karl S. Bowers April 3, 1978 January 1980
15 File:John S Hassell JR.png John S. Hassell Jr. July 11, 1980 February 5, 1981
16 File:Ray Barnhart.jpg Ray Barnhart February 12, 1981 December 31, 1987
17 File:Robert E Farris.png Robert E. Farris June 8, 1988 May 17, 1989
18 File:Thomas D. Larson.png Thomas D. Larson August 10, 1989 January 20, 1993
19 File:Slater rodney.jpg Rodney E. Slater June 3, 1993 February 14, 1997
20 File:Kenneth R Wykle.png Kenneth R. Wykle December 2, 1997 September 4, 2001
21 File:Mary Peters official DOT portrait.jpg Mary E. Peters October 2, 2001 July 29, 2005 [19]
22 File:J Richard Capka.png J. Richard Capka May 31, 2006 January 24, 2008 [20]
23 File:Thomas J Madison Jr.png Thomas J. Madison Jr. August 18, 2008 January 20, 2009 [21]
24 File:Victor Mendez.jpg Victor Mendez January 20, 2009 July 24, 2014 [22]
25 File:Gregory Nadeau.png Gregory G. Nadeau July 30, 2014 January 20, 2017 [23]
acting File:Bhendrickson highres.jpg Brandye Hendrickson July 24, 2017 May 6, 2019
26 File:Nicole R. Nason official photo.jpg Nicole Nason May 7, 2019 January 20, 2021 [24]
acting File:Stephanie Pollack.jpg Stephanie Pollack February 24, 2021 January 13, 2023 [25][26]
27 File:Shailen Bhatt, FHWA Administrator.jpg Shailen Bhatt January 13, 2023 September 10, 2024 [27][28]
acting File:Kristin White official portrait.jpg Kristin White September 11, 2024 December 16, 2024 [29][30]
acting File:Executive Director of the Federal Highway Administration Gloria M. Shepherd.jpg Gloria M. Shepherd December 17, 2024 present

Deputy administrators

  • D. Grant Mickle October 27, 1961[31] – January 20, 1964
  • Lowell K. Bridwell (acting) January 20, 1964 – March 23, 1967[32]
  • Ralph Bartelsmeyer August 10, 1970 – January 25, 1974[33]
  • Joseph R. Coupal Jr September 30, 1974[34] – 1977[35]
  • Karl S. Bowers June 5, 1977[36] – August 3, 1978[37]
  • John S. Hassell, Jr. August 31, 1978 – July 11, 1980
  • Alinda Burke August 8, 1980[38] – ?
  • Lester P. Lamm September 17, 1982 – 1986
  • Robert E. Farris August 8, 1986[39] - June 8, 1988
  • Eugene R. McCormick June 30, 1989[40] - ?
  • Gloria J. Jeff December 19, 1997[41] – January 3, 1999[42]
  • Walter Sutton Jr (acting) January 3, 1999[43] – May 3, 2000[44] May 3, 2000 – January 2001
  • J. Richard Capka August 5, 2002 – May 31, 2006[45]
  • Kerry O'Hare November 10, 2008[43] – January 20, 2009
  • Gregory G. Nadeau July 8, 2009 – July 30, 2014
  • Brandye Hendrickson July 24, 2017 – July 19, 2019
  • Mala Parker October 10, 2019 – January 20, 2021
  • Stephanie Pollack January 27, 2021 – February 1, 2023
  • Andrew Rogers February 27, 2023 – January 2024
  • Kristin White May 20, 2024 – December 16, 2024
  • Gloria Shepherd (acting) December 17, 2024 – Incumbent

Executive directors

  • Lester P. Lamm, August 8, 1973[43] – ?
  • Thomas D. Everett, October 22, 2018 – June 30, 2022[46]
  • Mayela Sosa (Acting), June 30, 2022 - October 20, 2022
  • Gloria M. Shepherd, October 20, 2022 - Current

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

Further reading

  • Erica Interrante and Bingxin Yu. Contributions and Crossroads: Our National Road System’s Impact on the U.S. Economy and Way of Life (1916-2016) (Federal Highway Administration, 2017) online, 40 page report

External links

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