Lasianthus
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Lasianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are tropical subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. They inhabit the understory of primary forests.
Lasianthus has about 300 species. The type species for the genus is Lasianthus cyanocarpus.Template:R In 2012, a revision of Lasianthus in Malesia described 131 species.[1] Another 30 or so species grow elsewhere in tropical Asia.[2] Most of these are described in Flora of China[3] or in A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon.[4] 14 or 15 species are native to the Western Ghats of southwestern India, including the endemic Lasianthus agasthyamalayanus.[5] Fifteen species[6] or perhaps as many as 20 species[7] are known from tropical Africa. Two species (Lasianthus panamensis and Lasianthus lanceolatus),[8] or possibly three, are native to the neotropics.[6] The Australian Ixora baileyana had at one time been placed in Lasianthus as Lasianthus graciliflorus.[9]
Dried specimens of Lasianthus often shed their flowers and fruit. For this reason, misidentification is common, even in herbaria.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Species
since May 2025[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Plants of the World Online accepts the following 292 species:Template:R
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Description
Subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. Leaves opposite, distichous. Stipules interpetiolar, usually persistent. Inflorescences axillary, usually sessile. Flowers small, white. Calyx with 3 to 6 teeth or lobes; persistent. Corolla with 4 to 6 lobes; throat usually villous. Stamens 4 to 6, inserted on corolla throat. Anthers dorsifixed. Stigma with lanceolate or linear lobes. Ovary multilocular. Ovules basal, erect, 1 per locule. Fruit a small drupe, usually blue. Pyrenes with thick walls.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
History
The generic name Lasianthus is derived from the Greek lasios, "shaggy, velvety, hairy", and anthos, "flower".[10] The genus was named by William Jack in 1823.[11][12]
Some authors have recognized Dressleriopsis and Litosanthes as genera separate from Lasianthus. Dressleriopsis was sunk into Lasianthus in 1982.[8]
Litosanthes was erected by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1823. It was synonymized under Lasianthus in 1992.[13] DNA sequence analysis has not resolved the question of whether Litosanthes is nested within Lasianthus or separate from it.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Affinities
Lasianthus, Saldinia, and Trichostachys form the tribe Lasiantheae in the subfamily Rubioideae. Perama is related to this group and might be included within it.[14] Lasiantheae was formerly thought to be close to Psychotria, but is now known to be a basal clade in Rubioideae. It is sister to the large clade containing Coussarea, Psychotria, Spermacoce, and many other genera.[15]
Saprosma and Amaracarpus were traditionally thought to be close to Lasianthus. Saprosma is polyphyletic, with only part of it related to Lasianthus.[14] Amaracarpus is close to Psychotria. The African genera Batopedina and Dirichletia have also been suggested as relatives of Lasianthus.
Taxonomy
Only one molecular phylogenetic study has sampled more than a few species from the tribe Lasiantheae. In that study, 11 species of Lasianthus were sampled, but few relationships were resolved.[14]
In 2012, a revision of the Malesian species divided Lasianthus into 3 sections, based on the following type species: L. section Stipulares (Lasianthus stipularis), L. section Lasianthus (Lasianthus cyanocarpus), and L. section Nudiflorae (Lasianthus blumeanus).[1] They did not recognize L. section Pedunculatae (Lasianthus biermanii), which some previous authors had recognized. They considered it to be indistinguishable from L. section Lasianthus.
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Hua Zhu and Charlotte M. Taylor. 2011. Lasianthus, pages 185-198. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, and Hong Deyuan (editors). 1994 onward. Flora of China, vol. 19: Cucurbitaceae - Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press: Beijing, China; and Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, MO, USA. Template:ISBN (vol. 19) Template:ISBN (set). (See External links below).
- ↑ Colin E. Ridsdale. 1998. Rubiaceae, pages 141-343. In: Meliyasena D. Dassanayake and William D. Clayton (editors). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, vol. 12. Template:ISBN (vol.12) (See External links below).
- ↑ Jagadeesan Raveendran, Sam Paul Mathew, Gangaprasad Appukuttannair, and Ettickal Sukumaran Santhosh Kumar Lasianthus agasthyamalayanus (Rubiaceae), a New Species from the Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India," Annales Botanici Fennici 55(1–3), 87-91, (1 May 2018). https://doi.org/10.5735/085.055.0110
- ↑ a b David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Bernard Verdcourt. 1976. Lasianthus. pages 134-145. In: Rubiaceae (part 1). In: Roger M. Polhill (editor). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Agents for Oversea (sic) Governments and Administration. London, U.K. (See External links below).
- ↑ a b Elmar Robbrecht. 1982. "The identity of the Panamanian genus Dressleriopsis (Rubiaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 69(2):427-429.
- ↑ Laurie G. Adams, Diane M. Bridson, and Elmar Robbrecht. 1987. "The Identity of Lasianthus graciliflorus Bailey (Rubiaceae)". Kew Bulletin 42(1):209-214.
- ↑ Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. Template:ISBN (vol. II). (see External links below).
- ↑ Lasianthus in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
- ↑ William Jack. !823. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14:125. (See External links below).
- ↑ Mohan G. Gagnopadhyay and T. Chakrabarty. 1992. "A note on the status of Litosanthes Bl. (Rubiaceae)". Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 16(2):337-338.
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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External links
- Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Search Page <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Index by Team <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Projects <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Science Directory <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Scientific Research and Data <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Kew Gardens
- Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Names <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Tropicos <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Science and Conservation <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Missouri Botanical Garden
- Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: List of Genera <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Rubiaceae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: List of families <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Families and Genera in GRIN <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Queries <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: GRIN taxonomy for plants
- Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Lasiantheae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Rubioideae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Rubiaceae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />In: ··· Embryophyta <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Streptophytina <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Streptophyta <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Viridiplantae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Eukaryota <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Taxonomy <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: UniProt
- Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Index Nominum Genericorum <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: References <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: NMNH Department of Botany <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Research and Collections <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
- Revision of Malesian Lasianthus
- List of lower taxa <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />And Lasianthus.pdf <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: List of lower taxa (genera) <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Chinese Plant Names <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Rubiaceae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: FOC vol. 19 <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: page 2 <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />Of: Family List <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Flora of China <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: eFloras
- Flora of Sri Lanka
- Flora of Tropical East Africa At: page 3 Of: Projects At: Science Directory At: Scientific Research and Data At: Science and Conservation At: Home At: About Kew At: Kew Gardens
- The Convoluted History of Lisianthus, etc. <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Eustoma <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Chironieae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Classification overview <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Gentian Research Network
- CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: D-L <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Botany & Plant Science <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Life Science <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: CRC Press
- Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Plant Names <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: IPNI
- Lasianthus, page 125 <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />In: Volume 14 <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Bibliography <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Transactions of the Linnean Society of London <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Titles beginning with "T" <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Titles <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Xiao & Zhu 2007 on Lasianthus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />In: Volume 48(2) <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Issue Indices <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Botanical Studies an international journal