Kwangali language

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Kwangali, or RuKwangali, is a Bantu language spoken by 85,000 people along the Kavango River in Namibia, where it is a national language, and in Angola. It is one of several Bantu languages of the Kavango which have click consonants; these are the dental clicks c and gc, along with prenasalization and aspiration.

Maho (2009) includes Mbunza as a dialect, but excludes Sambyu, which he includes in Manyo.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-
dental
Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Plosive voiceless Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
aspirated Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voiced Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
prenasal vl. Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
prenasal vd. Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Fricative voiceless Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voiced Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
prenasal vl. Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
prenasal vd. Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Approximant Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Trill Template:IPA link

A dental click type Script error: No such module "IPA". may also be heard,Template:Category handlerTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">how many consonants is this?]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". being adopted from the neighboring Khoisan languages. The clicks may also tend to be heard as alveolar Script error: No such module "IPA"..[2]

Vowels

Front Central Back
High Template:IPAlinkTemplate:IPA link Template:IPAlinkTemplate:IPA link
Mid Template:IPAlinkTemplate:IPA link Template:IPAlinkTemplate:IPA link
Low Template:IPAlinkTemplate:IPA link

Short vowels of /i e o u/ may also be pronounced as [ɪ ɛ ɔ ʊ].[3]

References

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  2. Dammann (1957)
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  • Dammann, Ernst (1957). Studien zum Kwangali: Grammatik, Texte, Glossar. Hamburg: Cram, de Gruyter
  • Derek Nurse & Gérard Philippson, The Bantu languages, 2003:569.

Books

Template:Languages of Namibia Template:Languages of Angola Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)

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