Kilo-class submarine

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Template:Infobox ship imageTemplate:Infobox ship class overviewTemplate:Infobox ship characteristics
File:Kilo-Class Russian Submarine MOD 45165129.jpg
Russian Project 877 in the English Channel in 2018
File:Kilo Submarine DN-SC-96-00528.jpg
A Russian Kilo-class submarine underway on the surface

The Kilo-class submarines are a group of diesel-electric attack submarines designed by the Rubin Design Bureau[1][2][3] in the Soviet Union in the 1970s and built originally for the Soviet Navy.

The first version had the Soviet designation Project 877 Paltus (Template:Langx, meaning "halibut"), NATO reporting name Kilo.[4] They entered operational service in 1980 and continued being built until the mid-1990s, when production switched to the more advanced Project 636 Varshavyanka variant, also known in the West as the Improved Kilo class.[5][6][7] The design was updated again by the Russian Navy in the mid-2010s, to a variant called Project 636.3, also known as Improved Kilo II.[4]

Role

The Project 877 attack submarines were mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar).

Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Arfa also upgraded to MG-519EM. MGK 400E can detect submarines with 0.05 Pa/Hz noisiness in Template:Cvt and surface vessels with 10 Pa/Hz noisiness in Template:Cvt.[8] The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.

Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal.[9] These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range at which the submarine may be detected by passive sonar.[10]

Project 636 and 636.3 submarines can launch Kalibr (and their Club export version) cruise missiles. It was reported in September 2022 that they can carry four Kalibr missiles, and can launch them through two of their six torpedo tubes.[11]

History

A single Project 877 submarine, Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Alrosa, is equipped with pump-jet propulsion, instead of a propeller.[12] It has been retrofitted for the Kalibr missile.[13]

It was planned for Project 636 (Improved Kilo) to be succeeded by the Template:Sclass2 in Russian Navy service. However, by November 2011 it was apparent that the Lada class would be delayed because Sankt Peterburg (B-585), the lead boat of the class, had shown major deficiencies. On 27 July 2012, the Russian Navy commander-in-chief announced that construction of the Lada-class submarines would resume, having undergone design changes.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Series production was reported to be underway in the latter 2010s.[14]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The Russian Navy also moved forward in the late 2010s, with the construction of Project 636.3, also known as Improved Kilo II. The first-in-class was named Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (PPK) and was launched by the head of Admiralty Shipyard Alexander Buzakov on 28 March 2019, or some thirty months after commission.[1] By November 2019, six units had been built for the Black Sea Fleet and further boats were proposed, but not funded, for the Pacific and Baltic Fleets.[3]

In June 2022, an unconfirmed report from within Russia's defense industry suggested that a further tranche of six additional Project 636.3 vessels might be ordered to start construction in around 2024.[15] The class "is slightly longer in length — the sub's submerged displacement is around 4,000 tons — and features improved engines, an improved combat system, as well as new noise reduction technology; it can fire both torpedoes and cruise missiles, launched from one of six 533-millimeter torpedo tubes."[1] The class has a seven-bladed propeller, instead of the six-bladed propeller of the Project 877 class.[13]

Specifications

Template:Prose

File:Kilo class SS.svg
Schematic drawing of Kilo-class submarine

There are several variants of the Kilo class. The information below is the smallest and largest number from the available information for all three main variants of the boat.[16]

  • Displacement:
    • 2,300–2,350 tons surfaced
    • 3,000–4,000 tons submerged
  • Dimensions:
    • Length: 70–74 meters
    • Beam: 9.9 meters
    • Draft: 6.2–6.5 meters
  • Maximum speed
    • 10–12 knots surfaced (18–22 km/h)
    • 17–25 knots submerged (31–46 km/h)
  • Propulsion: Diesel-electric Template:Convert
  • Maximum depth: 300 meters (240–250 meters operational)
  • Endurance
  • Armament
  • Crew: 52
  • Price per unit is US$200–250 million (China paid about US$1.5–2 billion for 8 Project 636 Kilo-class submarines)Template:WhenScript error: No such module "Unsubst".

Operational history

Kilo-class attack submarines originally began entering service with the Soviet Navy from 1980.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

At the beginning of 2014, the Chinese PLA Navy held an emergency combat readiness test.[17] The Kilo-class submarine Yuanzheng 72, deployed on a combat readiness voyage encountered a "cliff" caused by a sudden change in seawater density. Because the seawater density suddenly decreased, the submarine lost its buoyancy and rapidly fell to the seabed more than Template:Convert deep. The pressure on the submarine increased sharply, and the main engine room pipeline was damaged and water entered. The vessel lost power due to a large amount of water entering the main engine room. The crew reacted quickly, the submarine resurfaced in three minutes, avoiding disaster. The voyage was notable for creating many firsts for PLAN's submarine service.[18][19]

In 2015, five Kilo-class submarines were deployed to the Russian naval facility in Tartus, Syria. At least two of the units reportedly attacked land targets inside Syria with 3M54 Kalibr cruise missiles (NATO designation: SS-N-27A "Sizzler").[3] 8 December 2015 marked the first time a Kilo-class submarine fired cruise missiles against an enemy. B-237 Rostov-on-Don struck two targets near the ISIS capital of Raqqa by the missile attack.[20] The B-237 Rostov-on-Don transited the Dardanelles on its way back to the Black Sea on 12 February 2022.[21]

B-871 Alrosa, a pump-jet Kilo class, which derives from the Project 877 hull, participated in the Russo-Ukraine War.

After the sinking of the Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in April 2022, it was remarked that the Kilo-class subs were the only members of the Black Sea Fleet whose orders did not prohibit venturing into Ukrainian waters near Odesa during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[22] In September 2022, after the early 2022 Crimea attacks, the UK Ministry of Defence said that the Kilo-class submarines were moved from Sevastopol to the Port of Novorossiysk in Krasnodar Krai.[23][11]

On 13 September 2023, B-237 Rostov-on-Don was severely damaged by a Ukrainian Storm Shadow missile strike while it was drydocked in Sevastopol.[24][25][26] According to satellite images taken in June 2024, the submarine was moved to a lesser used dry dock within the port (at coordinates 44.609975029014116, 33.537496816089906). Camouflage nets were, at least initially, thrown up to disguise its presence and to make observation more challenging. According to reports, the submarine is under repair.[27]

On 2 August 2024, Ukrainian Forces launched a strike against a Russian submarine and an S-400 air defense system in Crimea. Ukrainian sources claimed that the submarine B-237 Rostov-on-Don was "sunk on the spot" in the attack.[28][29][30][31][32] Other sources claim that the submarine was only hit and not sunk.[33] Satellite images showed the that camouflage nets were burned out by the strike.[34]

Operators

The first submarine entered service in the Soviet Navy in 1980, and the class remains in use with the Russian Navy today; around 11 original Kilo-class vessels believed to still be in active service with the Russian Navy (as of 2023), while new Improved Kilo–class subs are being delivered through the 2020s to replace them. About forty vessels have been exported to several countries:

  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 2 original Kilo (Project 877), 4 Improved Kilo (Project 636).[35][36][37][38][39][40]
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 2 original Kilo (Project 877), 10 Improved Kilo (Project 636).[41][42]
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 10 original Kilo (Project 877), 1 sustained major casualty[16][43] – designated as the Template:Sclass
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: one boat transferred from Indian Navy by March 2020.[44][45]
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 1 original Kilo (Project 877) – Template:ORP.[46][47]
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 3 original Kilo (Project 877).[42]
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 1 original Kilo (Project 877) – Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (not operational).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 10–11 original Kilo (Project 877), 12 Improved Kilo (Project 636.3)[48] delivered as of 2025.[49][50] One further Improved Kilo ordered in August 2020, during the International Military-Technical Forum "ARMY-2020";[51][52] up to six additional boats of the class intended to replace Project 877 units; first three ordered in 2023.[53]
  • Script error: No such module "flag".: 6 Improved Kilo (Project 636)[54][55][56] – Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..

Possible purchasers

The government of Venezuela expressed interest since 2005 in acquiring nine AIP-powered conventional submarines, either the German U214 or later the Amur 1650. There was a Russian counteroffer due to technical issues at the shipyards back then, for five Project 636 Kilo-class and four Amur 1650, but it hasn't gone through yet.[57]

In 2017, the Philippine Navy showed interest in the Kilo-class submarine as part of its modernization program. Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said the country was evaluating a Russian offer.[58]

Failed bids

The Indonesian Navy was interested in purchasing two used Kilo-class submarines, but the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy Laksamana Marsetio cancelled the plans in 2014 after inspecting the two submarines in Russia with an Indonesian Navy team. He said, "The submarines look good on the outside, but the inside is filled with broken equipment, and the two submarines have been in storage for two years." Indonesia instead bought six Improved Jang Bogo-class submarines, later known as Template:Sclass, including a transfer of technology, where Indonesia will eventually build four of six of the submarines with South Korea.[59] Actually, the bid for Kilo Russian submarines fell apart due to the lapse of the financing term of the Russian Federation.

Gallery

List of submarines

Project 877

Operator # Name Shipyard Project Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Script error: No such module "flag". B-248 x Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2001
Script error: No such module "flag". B-260 Chita Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF Decommissioned 2013, sank partially on way to scrap in 2019
Script error: No such module "flag". B-227 Vyborg Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts BF Decommissioned 2018 (exhibit of the Patriot park in Kronstadt)
Script error: No such module "flag". B-229 x Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2002
Script error: No such module "flag". B-404 x Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2002
Script error: No such module "flag". B-401 Novosibirsk Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Decommissioned 2012
Script error: No such module "flag". B-402 Vologda Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Decommissioned 2016
Script error: No such module "flag". B-405 (ex Tyumenskiy Komsomolets) Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2002
Script error: No such module "flag". 291 (ex-B-351) Template:ORP Nizhniy Novgorod 877E Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 581 (ex-B-801) Delfinul Nizhniy Novgorod 877E Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Unknown (in reserve since 1995)
Script error: No such module "flag". S55 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of, modernized to project 08773 in 2002–2005
Script error: No such module "flag". B-470 x Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2005
Script error: No such module "flag". B-806 Dmitrov Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". 		Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts BF Active Template:As of[60]
Script error: No such module "flag". S56 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned on 16 July 2022.[61]
Script error: No such module "flag". 012 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Upgraded in 2010, able to launch Kalibr/Club missiles
Script error: No such module "flag". B-439 x Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2005
Script error: No such module "flag". S57 Template:INS Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001
Script error: No such module "flag". 013 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Upgraded in 2011, able to launch Kalibr/Club missiles
Script error: No such module "flag". 71 UMS Minye Theinkhathu (ex-Sindhuvir) Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Modernized to project 08773 in 1997–1999, transferred to Myanmar Navy in 2020
Script error: No such module "flag". B-445 Svyatoi Nikolai Chudotvorets Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF May have decommissioned 2020;[62] listed as still in service by one source[63]
Script error: No such module "flag". S59 Template:INS Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of, modernized to project 08773 in 2001–2003
Script error: No such module "flag". S60 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of, modernized to project 08773 in 1999–2001
Script error: No such module "flag". B-808 Yaroslavl Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Decommissioned 2022[64]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-394 Nurlat Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF Active 2018
Script error: No such module "flag". B-800 Kaluga (ex-Vologodskij komsomolets) Nizhniy Novgorod 877LPMB
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". 		Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Refitted in 2009–2012, active 2022[64]
Script error: No such module "flag". S61 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active, modernized to project 08773
Script error: No such module "flag". B-464 Ust'-Kamchatsk Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF Active 2018
Script error: No such module "flag". B-459 Vladikavkaz Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Refitted in 2011–15, active, entered Baltic Sea 3 July 2018 to take part in Main Naval Parade in St Petersburg on 29 July.
Script error: No such module "flag". S62 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of, modernized to project 08773 in 2005–2007
Script error: No such module "flag". B-871 Alrosa Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts BSF Refitted in 2014–2022[65]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-471 Magnitogorsk Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Active 2018
Script error: No such module "flag". B-494 Ust'-Bolsheretsk Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF Decommissioned 2023[66]
Script error: No such module "flag". 901 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of.[67] Upgraded in Iranian shipyard.[68]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-187 Komsomolsk-on-Amur Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF Active 2018[69]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-177 Lipetsk Nizhniy Novgorod 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts NF Active 2018
Script error: No such module "flag". B-190 Krasnokamensk Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts PF Decommissioned 2023[70]
Script error: No such module "flag". 902 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Unknown (probably in modernization in Iranian shipyard)
Script error: No such module "flag". B-345 Mogocha Komsomolsk-on-Amur 877 Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 29 May 2021[62]
Script error: No such module "flag". 364 Yuan Zheng 64 Hao Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM ??? Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2021
Script error: No such module "flag". 365 Yuan Zheng 65 Hao Nizhniy Novgorod 877EKM ??? Template:Dts Template:Dts Decommissioned 2021
Script error: No such module "flag". 903 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active as 2011[71] (probably in modernization in Iranian shipyard)
Script error: No such module "flag". S63 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts A munitions accident caused an explosion and fire while at berth in 2013.[72] It was later scuttled.
Script error: No such module "flag". S65 Template:INS Saint Petersburg 877EKM Template:Dts Template:Dts Template:Dts Active Template:As of

Project 636

Operator # Name Shipyard Project Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Script error: No such module "flag". 366 Yuan Zheng 66 Hao Saint Petersburg 636 16 July 1996 26 April 1997 26 August 1997 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 367 Yuan Zheng 67 Hao Saint Petersburg 636 28 August 1997 18 June 1998 25 October 1998 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 368 Yuan Zheng 68 Hao Saint Petersburg 636M 18 October 2002 27 May 2004 20 October 2004 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 369 Yuan Zheng 69 Hao Saint Petersburg 636M 18 October 2002 19 August 2004 2005 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 370 Yuan Zheng 70 Hao Saint Petersburg 636M 2004 May 2005 2005 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 371 Yuan Zheng 71 Hao Saint Petersburg 636M 2004 2005 2005 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 372 Yuan Zheng 72 Hao Saint Petersburg 636M 2005 2005 2006 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 373 Yuan Zheng 73 Hao Nizhniy Novgorod 636M July 1992 8 May 2004 5 August 2005 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 374 Yuan Zheng 74 Hao Severodvinsk 636M 29 May 2003 21 May 2005 30 December 2005 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 375 Yuan Zheng 75 Hao Severodvinsk 636M 29 May 2003 14 July 2005 30 December 2005 Active Template:As of
Script error: No such module "flag". 021 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636M 2006 20 November 2008 28 August 2009 ActiveScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Script error: No such module "flag". 022 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636M 2007 9 April 2009 29 October 2009 ActiveScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
Script error: No such module "flag". 182 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636.1 25 August 2010 28 August 2012[73] 3 April 2014 Active as of 2014[74][75]
Script error: No such module "flag". 183 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636.1 28 September 2011 28 December 2012 3 April 2014 Active as of 2014[76]Template:Primary source inline[77]
Script error: No such module "flag". 184 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636.1 August 2013[78] 1 August 2015 Active as of 2014[79]
Script error: No such module "flag". 185 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636.1 2013 28 March 2014[80]Template:Primary source inline 1 August 2015 Active as of 2015[81]
Script error: No such module "flag". 186 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636.1 28 December 2014 28 February 2017 Active as of 2016[82]
Script error: No such module "flag". 187 Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Saint Petersburg 636.1 28 May 2014[83] 28 September 2015 28 February 2017 Active as of 2017[84]
Script error: No such module "flag". 031 El Ouarsenis Saint Petersburg 636.1 2015 14 March 2017 9 January 2019 Active as of 2019[85]
Script error: No such module "flag". 032 El Hoggar Saint Petersburg 636.1 18 June 2018 9 January 2019 Active as of 2019[85]

Project 636.3

Italics indicate estimates.

Operator # Name Shipyard Project Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
Script error: No such module "flag". B-261 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 20 August 2010[86] 28 November 2013[87] 22 August 2014[88][89] BSF Active
Script error: No such module "flag". B-237 Rostov-na-Donu Saint Petersburg 636.3 21 November 2011[90] 26 June 2014[91] 30 December 2014[92] BSF Damaged by the cruise missile strike on Sevastopol drydock on 12 September 2023.[93] Currently completed repair in dry dock.[94][95]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-262 Template:Ill[96] Saint Petersburg 636.3 17 August 2012[97] 28 August 2014[98] 25 June 2015 BSF Active
Script error: No such module "flag". B-265 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 20 February 2014[99] 25 April 2015[100] 5 November 2015 BSF Active
Script error: No such module "flag". B-268 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 30 October 2014[101] 18 March 2016[102] 25 October 2016[103] BSF Active
Script error: No such module "flag". B-271 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 30 October 2014[101] 31 May 2016[104] 24 November 2016 BSF Active
Script error: No such module "flag". B-274 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 28 July 2017[105] 28 March 2019[106] 25 November 2019[107] PF Active
Script error: No such module "flag". B-603 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 28 July 2017[105] 26 December 2019[108] 24 October 2020[109] PF Active; carried out land-attack cruise missile tests in January 2022[110]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-602 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 1 November 2019[111] 26 March 2021[112] 12 October 2021[113][114][115][116][117][118] PF Active; deployed in the Pacific fleet late 2022[119]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-588 Template:Ill Saint Petersburg 636.3 1 November 2019[111] 31 March 2022[120] 16 November 2022[121][122][123][117][124] PF Active[125]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-608 Mozhaysk Saint Petersburg 636.3 23 August 2021[126][127] 27 April 2023[128] 28 November 2023 PF Active[129]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-??? Yakutsk Saint Petersburg 636.3 23 August 2021[126][127] 11 October 2024[130] 11 June

2025[131]

PF Active[132]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-??? Petrozavodsk Saint Petersburg 636.3 2022[124] 2025[124] BF[124] Ordered in 2020,[133][134] improved design[135]
Script error: No such module "flag". B-??? Mariupol Saint Petersburg 636.3 Autumn 2024[136] 2027 NF[137] Ordered in 2022
Script error: No such module "flag". B-??? Saint Petersburg 636.3 2023[138][139] 2026 BF Ordered in 2022
Script error: No such module "flag". B-??? Saint Petersburg 636.3 2025 2028 BF Ordered in 2022

See also

Notes

Citations

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

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Further reading

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External links

Template:Sister project Template:Refbegin

  • SSK Kilo Class (Type 636) at Naval-technology.com
  • SSK Kilo Class (Type 877EKM) at Naval-technology.com
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Template:Refend

Template:Kilo class submarine Template:Soviet and Russian submarines after 1945 Template:Ship classes of the Iranian Navy

  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Gardiner, Chumbley and Budzbon (1995), pp. 408-409.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Darman (2004), p. 46.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sonar sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  126. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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