Kharia language

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File:WIKITONGUES- Nicolas speaking Sadri, Kharia, and Sambalpuri.webm
A multilingual person speaking Sadri, Kharia, and Sambalpuri language, recorded in China.

The Kharia language (Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA".[1]) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family, that is primarily spoken by the Kharia people of eastern India.

History

According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austroasiatic languages arrived on the coast of Odisha from Southeast Asia about 4000-3500 years ago.[2]

Classification

Kharia belongs to the Kharia–Juang branch of the Munda language family. Its closest extant relative is the Juang language, but the relationship between Kharia and Juang is remote.

Kharia is in contact with Sadri (the local lingua franca), Mundari, Kurukh, Hindi, and Odia (in Odisha).[1]

Distribution

Kharia speakers are located in the following districts of India.[1]

File:633- Khadia Bidaai Durang.webm
Kharia bidaai song

Phonology

Kharia consonantsTemplate:Sfn
Labial Dental/
Alveolar
Retroflex Post-alv./
Palatal
Velar Glottal
Nasal Template:IPA link Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Stop/
Affricate
voiceless Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link)
aspirated Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voiced Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
breathy Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
glottalised Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Fricative Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Approximant Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Tap unaspirated Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link)
aspirated (Template:IPA link)
  • [ɽ, ɽʱ] are only marginally phonemic and are normally intervocalic allophones of /ɖ, ɖʱ/.
  • /f/ can also be pronounced among some speakers as an affricate [p͡f].
  • /c, cʰ, ɟ, ɟʱ/ are often realized as affricate sounds [t͡ʃ, t͡ʃʰ, d͡ʒ, d͡ʒʱ], especially in loanwords.
  • [ʔ] is an allophone of /ɡ/ when in coda position.Template:Sfn
Kharia vowelsTemplate:Sfn
Front Central Back
Close Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Mid Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link
Open Template:IPA link
Diphthong Script error: No such module "IPA".
  • /i, e, o, u/ have lax allophones of [ɪ, ɛ, ɔ, ʊ].
  • /a/ can have allophones of [ɑ, ä, ə, ʌ].Template:Sfn

Sample text

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References

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External links

Template:Commons cat Template:Languages of India Template:Austroasiatic languages


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  1. a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.