Samarinda

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Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of Template:Cvt. Samarinda was one of Indonesia's top ten Most Liveable Cities in 2022,[1][2] ranks first on East Kalimantan Human Development Index[3] and it is the most populous city on the entire Borneo island, with a population of 727,500 at the 2010 Census[4] and 827,994 at the 2020 Census;[5] the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 868,499.[6] Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest exporter[7] and fifth-largest importer.[8] The city has the highest number of bank headquarters in East Kalimantan.[9]

In 2021, Samarinda Harbour became the busiest passenger port in East Kalimantan.[10] The container port in Samarinda is also the busiest in East Kalimantan, handled more than Template:TEU in 2019.[11][12]

Samarinda is known for its traditional food amplang, as well as the cloth sarung samarinda.[13] As of 2021, the city has 3 bridges connecting its riverbanks: Mahakam Bridge, Template:Ill, and Template:Ill. The city center is on one side and the other side is named Samarinda Seberang.

Etymology

The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.[14]

History

At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.[15]

The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen.[16]

In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda.[15]

During its early days after formation in 1960, Samarinda originally only consisted of 2 districts, namely Samarinda Kota (not to be confused with the current district) and Samarinda Seberang (with a total area of 167 km2). Then, Samarinda Kota was later split into Samarinda Ilir and Samarinda Ulu (date unknown). On 24 April 1969, districts Palaran, Sanga-Sanga, Muara Jawa and Samboja were transferred from Kutai Regency to Samarinda, therefore, its total area increased to around 2,727 km2.[17]

Administrative districts

At the time of the 2010 Census, Samarinda City was divided into six districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), but four additional districts were subsequently created by splitting of existing ones. The ten districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[4] and the 2020 Census,[5] together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.[6] The table also includes the number of urban villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes.

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
Census
2010		 Pop'n
Census
2020		 Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2024		 No.
of
kelurahan		 Post
codes
64.72.01 Palaran 221.29 49,079 63,189 67,609 5 75241 - 75253
64.72.02 Samarinda Seberang 12.49 114,183 64,050 66,081 6 75131 - 75133
64.72.03 Samarinda Ulu
(Upper Samarinda)		 22.12 126,651 129,806 133,954 8 75122 - 75128
64.72.04 Samarinda Ilir
(Lower Samarinda)		 17.18 120,936 69,142 69,701 5 75114 - 75117
64.72.05 North Samarinda
(Script error: No such module "Lang".)		 229.52 202,607 106,743 113,491 8 75117 - 75119
64.72.06 Sungai Kunjang
(Kunjang River)		 43.04 114,044 133,543 140,620 7 75125 - 75127
64.72.07 Sambutan 100.95 (a) 57,941 63,123 5 75114, 75115
64.72.08 Sungai Pinang
(Pinang River)		 34.16 (c) 105,970 111,428 5 76117 - 76119
64.72.09 Samarinda Kota
(Samarinda town)		 11.12 (a) 31,719 32,404 5 7511 - 75113,
75117, 75121
64.72.10 Loa Janan Ilir 26.13 (b) 65,892 70,088 5 75131
Totals 718.00 727,500 827,994 868,499 59

Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.

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Climate

Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round. Hail is extremely rare, it was recorded on 21 November 2019.[18][19] The lowest recorded temperature in Samarinda is Script error: No such module "convert". in October 1982,[20] while the highest recorded is Script error: No such module "convert". on 8 February 2008.[21]

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Demographics

The territory's population in mid 2024 was 868,499, with an annual growth rate of 0.77% in 2023–2024.[6] The majority of the people of Samarinda are of Native Indonesian and Chinese descent with a small minority of Arabs. There are also Americans, Canadians, Europeans, Japanese, Filipinos and Koreans working in Samarinda. Life expectancy in Samarinda was 73.6 years as of 2014.

Nationality / Origin 2019 (pre-pandemic) 2019% 2020
1 Asia 473 47.2% 315
2 Europe 172 17.1% 5
3 ASEAN 168 16.7% 126
4 Oceania 163 16.3% 15
5 America 23 2.3% 19
6 Africa 4 0.4% 12
Total 1,003 100.0%
  • As of 31 December 2020
  • Source: Samarinda Statistics Department[3]

Religion

Samarinda's main religions are Islam and Christianity. The Muslim community forms the majority of the population numbering around 91%. The Christian community numbers at nearly 66,000 individuals or slightly over 7% of the total population; Protestants form a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 10:3. There are also small Buddhist, Hindu and other religious communities.[22] Script error: No such module "Gallery".

Samarinda Metropolitan Area

The urban area surrounding the city contains many suburban communities, particularly in the neighbouring districts (kecamatan) of Loa Kulu, Loa Janan, Muara Jawa, Sanga Sanga, Anggana and Muara Badak (all part of Kutai Kartanegara Regency). Together with the city's own residents, they constitute an urban area of over 1,050,000 inhabitants.

Economy

File:Malampalaran.jpg
Samarinda is East Kalimantan's largest container ports

Since 2004, trade has been the engine of Samarinda's economic growth.[23] It is also driven by the large amount of logging and oil extraction companies based there. Similar to Balikpapan, many national logging companies are based in Samarinda.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". There are many abandoned coal mines in Samarinda. Coal mining used to be very popular in Samarinda. However, the Indonesian government revoked many mining licenses due to the use of illegal chemicals and machinery.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Tourism sector also plays an important role in Samarinda's economy; it attracted over 2,000 international tourists and 1.2 million domestic tourists in 2019,[24] making Samarinda the 2nd most popular tourists destination in East Kalimantan.[25] In 2020, agriculture constituted only 2 per cent of GDP, and consists of growing flower varieties (rose, jasmine, orchid) and fruits (pomelo citrus fruit).[3]

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Commerce

Samarinda is home to several malls and traditional markets. Among them include Samarinda Morning Market, Segiri Market, Samarinda Central Plaza, Mal Lembuswana, and Big Mall Samarinda.

Transport

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File:A bird's eye view of Samarinda International Airport.jpg
Aerial view of Samarinda International Airport in 2018
Bus terminus
Seberang Bus Terminus

The main transport infrastructure of Samarinda is different than every other cities in Kalimantan, characterised by less national government involvement: Samarinda International Airport (East Kalimantan government),[26][27] SkyTrain rapid transit project (public-private partnership),[28][29] Samarinda Tunnel project (Samarinda Government)[30][31] and Port of Palaran (private).[32]

There are about 850,000 vehicles registered in Samarinda, the highest number of vehicles of any city in East Kalimantan.[33] Samarinda has 3 bus terminals: Sungai Kunjang Bus Terminus, Lempake Bus Terminus and Seberang Bus Terminus.[34]

Samarinda is connected by Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route from Balikpapan to Samarinda; the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[35]

APT Pranoto (Samarinda Sungai Siring, AAP) International Airport is the primary airport for the city and has been at Sungai Siring since 2018. With over 1 million passengers annually, it is one of East Kalimantan's busiest airports in terms of passenger and cargo movements. AAP is an important Australian passenger gateway for East Kalimantan's wildlife. AAP was built to replace Temindung Airport in Bandara, Sungai Pinang.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.[36]

Notable people

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References

Citations

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  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  5. ↑ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  6. ↑ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2025 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472)
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ North Kalimantan Province Road Map Template:Webarchive - by the Road Preservation Directorate, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, Indonesia.
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Sources

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External links

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