Kaitag language
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Cleanup langScript error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Kaitag (Kaitag: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA".; also Kaidak, Karakaitak, Karkaidak, Qaidaqlan) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken in Dagestan, Russia. It has sometimes been considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa due to it being part of the Dargin dialect continuum. The Routledge Ethnographic Handbook (2017) divided Kaitag into two dialects: northern (Magalis-Kaitak) and southern (Karakaitak).[1] Recent results of the Association of the Russian Sociolinguists (2021) further developed it into three dialects: Lower Kaitag, Upper Kaitag and Shari, the latter of which may be a separate but closely related language.[2]
Dialects
The languages consists of eight varieties, forming three dialects. Each of the Upper varieties corresponds to a historical province of the region.[3]
- Upper Kaitag – Хъар Хайдакь (south-west).
- Shurkkant – "The Cliff Dwellers" – Шурккант.
- Qattagan – "The Gorge Dwellers" – Къаттагне.
- Irchamul – "The Land of Nine" – Ирчӏамул.
- Lower Kaitag – Ххьар Хайдакь.
- Barshamai – Баршамаӏъган.
- Karatsan – Гъаӏрцӏнила.
- Jibahni – Чӏивгьаӏн.
- Sanchi – Сунклан.
- Shari – Шаӏръи.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| close | Template:IPA link | |
| near-close | Template:IPA link | |
| open-mid | Template:IPA link | |
| near-open | Template:IPA link | |
| open | Template:IPA link |
Consonants
Consonants form by series of voiced, aspirated, fortis, ejective, and labialized variants. The palatal fricative [ç] might be the voiceless post-palatal fricative, which can be more precisely transcribed as [ç̠] or [x̟].[4]
Alphabet
The Kaitag language is usually written in the Cyrillic script. The letters of the alphabet are (with their pronunciation given below in IPA transcription):
| а | аӏ | б | в | г | гв | гъ | гъв | гь | гьв | д | е | ж | жв | з | и | й |
| к | кв | кк | ккв | кӏ | кӏв | хъ | хъв | къ | къв | кь | кь | л | м | н | п | пп |
| пӏ | с | сс | т | тт | тӏ | у | х | хв | хх | ххв | хь | хьв | ххь | ххьв | ц | цц |
| цӏ | ч | чв | чч | ччв | чӏ | чӏв | ш | шв | шш | шшв | ъ |
Lexicon
Most of Kaitag's vocabulary stems from proto-Northeast-Caucasian roots. Like with other languages of Dagestan, there is a considerable number of Arabic, Iranian, Turkic and recently Russian loanwords.
| No. | English | Kaitag |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ду Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 2 | you (singular) | и Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 3 | he | гье Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 4 | we | нисса Script error: No such module "IPA". (excl.), ниххьва Script error: No such module "IPA". (incl.) |
| 5 | you (plural) | нишша Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 6 | they | гьетти Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 7 | this | гьеж Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 8 | that | гьет Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 9 | here | гьежин Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 10 | there | гьетин Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 11 | who | ча Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 12 | what | ци Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 13 | where | квацци Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 14 | when | цикъел Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 15 | how | цигле Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 16 | not | аккву Script error: No such module "IPA". (n.), а(й)- Script error: No such module "IPA". (v.) |
| 17 | all | сукке Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 18 | many | дахъ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 19 | some | чумилра Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 20 | few | кам Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 21 | other | дикӏар Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 22 | one | ца Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 23 | two | чӏве Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 24 | three | аӏв Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 25 | four | угъ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 26 | five | шве Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 27 | big | хвала Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 28 | long | ухъен Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 29 | wide | баӏъу Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 30 | thick | буцц Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 31 | heavy | декӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 32 | small | никӏва Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 33 | short | кутӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 34 | narrow | гъваӏрцӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 35 | thin | букӏал Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 36 | woman | ххьулум Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 37 | man (adult male) | мургул Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 38 | man (human being) | мейдам Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 39 | child | даӏргьаӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 40 | wife | ххьади Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 41 | husband | сув Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 42 | mother | уба Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 43 | father | атта Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 44 | animal | мицӏираг Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 45 | fish | кӏас Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 46 | bird | ахьлиъаӏн Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 47 | dog | ххваӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 48 | louse | нез Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 49 | snake | цӏецӏи Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 50 | worm | милкъваӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 51 | tree | ккалкка Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 52 | forest | дуцца Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 53 | stick | миргъаӏ Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 54 | fruit | удар Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 55 | seed | шва Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 56 | leaf | кӏаппар Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 57 | root | йамппа Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | кам Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 59 | flower | жуже Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| 60 | grass | кьар Script error: No such module "IPA". |
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Ronald Wixman, Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook, Routledge, 28 Jul 2017, p.89
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
External links
Template:Northeast Caucasian languages Template:Languages of the Caucasus