Jonê County

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Script error: No such module "infobox". Jonê County (also Cone, Chone, Choni; Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly, Wylie: co-ne rdzong, ZYPY: Jonê Zong; local pronunciation: /tɕɔLnɛ/[4]; Template:Lang-zh) is a county in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, China. Its postal code is 747600. Its area is Script error: No such module "convert"., and its population is over 100,000 people. It is administered from Liulin.[1]

Description

The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê.[1]

Historical Tibetan Jonê Kingdom

Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist the Jonê Kingdom (Tibetan: Template:Bo-textonly, Wylie: co-ne-dpon-po,[2] Template:Lang-zh), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang (Script error: No such module "Lang".) clan, was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang (Script error: No such module "Lang".). The Yangs ruled Jonê from 1404 until 1949.[3][4]

List of Kings of Jonê

There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom:[5][6][7]

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History

"There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind [after the late 10th century] at several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)."[8]

Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Sichuan conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan.

The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (tusi) called Zhouni Tusi (Script error: No such module "Lang".), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("Script error: No such module "Lang".") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the Lanzhou government.[9] In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence,[10] despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers.[3]

Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments, is the great Jonê Monastery.[1]

The American botanist Joseph Rock spent almost 2 years in Jonê ("Choni", in his spelling) in 1925–26. He resided in the compound of the local chief (the 19th-generation tusi Yang Jiqing (Script error: No such module "Lang".)[11][12]), making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern Qinghai. His account of the culture of this "almost unknown Tibetan principality", as he described it, illustrated with color photographs, was published in the National Geographic.[13][14][15]

As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors.[13]

Administrative divisions

Jonê County is divided to 11 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township.[16]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Tibetan Wylie Administrative division code
Towns
Liulin Town
(Jangcai) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022100
Maru Town
(Mu'er) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022101
Chagkoglung Town
(Chakunglung, Zhagulu) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022102
Karqên Town
(Ka'erqin) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022103
Zangbawa Town Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022104
Nalung Town
(Nalang) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022105
Taoyan Town
(Lawoxi) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022106
Asigtang Town
(Azitang) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022107
Xincang Town
(Shencang, Shenzang) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022108
Wamar Town
(Wanmao) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022109
Nyinba Town
(Niba) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022110
Townships
Dokog Township
(Daogao) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022202
Kyagê Township
(Qiagai) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022207
Kangtog Township
(Kangduo) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022208
Ethnic township
Xowa Tu Ethnic Township
(Shaowa) 		Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "lang". Template:Bo-textonly Script error: No such module "lang". 623022209

Climate

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See also

Footnotes

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  1. ↑ a b c Dorje (2009), p. 812.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Tibetan Historical Polities: [1] Template:Webarchive, retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  4. ↑ Tibetan, Jone in China: [2], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  5. ↑ Buddhist Digital Resource Center: [3], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  6. ↑ http://www.zhuoni.gov.cn/info/1149/4595.htm, retrieved 21 July 2022
  7. ↑ http://places.kmaps.virginia.edu/features/24353/descriptions/81, retrieved 21 July 2022
  8. ↑ Snellgrove & Richardson (1995), p. 111.
  9. ↑ Cabot (2003, pp. 157-158.
  10. ↑ Ekvall (1939).
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Template:Title missing
  12. ↑ https://www.sohu.com/a/428503229_120068472, retrieved 21 July 2022 ("Following the footsteps of the Austrian explorer of 80 years' ago in Jonê and Tewo; entering the mysterious Shambala world recorded by the botanist Rock"), 2012-12-17
  13. ↑ a b Michael Woodhead, In the footsteps of Joseph Rock. Chapter 10, "Seeking the Mountains of Mystery: Travels to Choni and Amnye MachenScript error: No such module "Unsubst".".
  14. ↑ Joseph Rock, "Life among the Lamas of Choni: Describing the Mystery Plays and Butter Festival in the Monastery of an Almost Unknown Tibetan Principality in Kansu Province, China". National Geographic, (1928): 569-619
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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References

  • Cabot, Mabel H. (2003). Vanished Kingdoms: A Woman Explorer in Tibet, China & Mongolia, 1921-1925, pp. 148–157. Aperture Publishers in association with the Peabody Museum, Harvard. Template:ISBN.
  • Dorje, Gyurme (2009). Footprint Tibet Handbook. Footprint Publications, Bath, England. Template:ISBN.
  • Ekvall, Robert B. (1939). "Cultural Relations on the Kansu-Tibetan Border", University of Chicago.
  • China County & City Population 1999 FAQ

Template:County-level divisions of Gansu Template:Authority control

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