Java Sea
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The Java Sea (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) is an extensive shallow sea in Indonesia. It lies on the Sunda Shelf, between the islands of Borneo to the north, Java to the south, Sumatra to the west, and Sulawesi to the east. The Karimata Strait to its northwest links it to the South China Sea. Although generally considered to be a part of the western Pacific Ocean,[1][2] the Java Sea is occasionally considered to be a part of the Indian Ocean.[3]
Geography
The Java Sea covers the southern section of the Script error: No such module "convert". Sunda Shelf. A shallow sea, it has a mean depth of Script error: No such module "convert".. It measures about Script error: No such module "convert". east-west by Script error: No such module "convert". north-south and occupies a total surface area of Script error: No such module "convert"..[4]
It formed as sea levels rose at the end of the last ice age.[5] Its almost uniformly flat bottom, and the presence of drainage channels (traceable to the mouths of island rivers), indicate that the Sunda Shelf was once a stable, dry, low-relief land area (peneplain) above which were left standing a few monadnocks (granite hills that, due to their resistance to erosion, form the present islands).
Extent
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Java Sea as one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago, with the following criteria:[6]
On the North. By the Southern limit of the South China Sea [Lucipara Point (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) thence to Tanjong Nanka, the Southwest extremity of Bangka Island, through this island to Tanjong Berikat the Eastern point (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".), on to Tanjong Djemang (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) in Billiton, along the North coast of this island to Tanjong Boeroeng Mandi (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) and thence a line to Tanjong Sambar (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) the Southwest extreme of Borneo], the South coast of Borneo and the Southern limit of Makassar Strait [By a line from the Southwestern extreme of Celebes (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".), through the Southern point of Tana Keke, to the Southern extreme of Laoet (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) thence up the West coast of that island to Tanjong Kiwi and thence across to Tanjong Petang, Borneo (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) at the Southern end of Laoet Strait].
On the East. By the Western limit of Flores Sea [A line from Tg Sarokaja (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) to the Western Paternoster island (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) thence to the Northeastern Postiljon Island (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) and to the West point of Laikang Bay, Celebes].
On the South. By the Northern and Northwestern limits of Bali Sea [A line from the Western Paternoster Island to the East point of Sepandjang and thence through this island to the West point of Gedeh Bay on the South coast of Kangean (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".). A line from the West point of Gedeh Bay, Kangean Island, to Tg Sedano, the Northeast extreme of Java and down the East coast to Tg Bantenan, the Southeast extreme of the island], the North and West coasts of Java to Java Hoofd (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) its Western point, and thence a line to Vlakke Hoek (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".) the Southern extreme of Sumatra.
On the West. The East coast of Sumatra between Vlakke Hoek and Lucipara Point (Script error: No such module "Coordinates".).
History
The Battle of the Java Sea from February to March 1942, was one of the costliest naval battles of World War II. The naval forces of the Netherlands, Britain, Australia, and the United States were nearly destroyed trying to defend Java from Japanese attack.[7][8]
Incident
On 28 December 2014, Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 crashed into the Java Sea while on route to Singapore from Surabaya, East Java. All 162 passengers and crew were killed.[9]
On 29 October 2018, a Boeing 737 MAX 8 operating as Lion Air Flight 610 crashed into the Java Sea shortly after takeoff from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta heading towards Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang. All 189 passengers and crew on board died making it the first hull loss of a Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft.[10]
On 9 January 2021, a Boeing 737-500 (PK-CLC) operating as Sriwijaya Air Flight 182, crashed, near Laki Island, shortly after taking off from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, en route to Supadio International Airport, with 50 passengers and 12 crew members aboard.[11]
Economic activities
The southern section of the seafloor has long been recognized as geologically similar to northern Java, where oil fields occur and extend under the sea. Prospects are also favorable for oil fields in the waters off southeast Kalimantan. As the site of successful exploration for petroleum and natural gas, the Java Sea has become the basis of Indonesia's export program.
Fishing is an important economic activity in the Java Sea. Over 3,000 species of marine life are found in the area. A number of national parks exist in the area such as Karimunjawa. The Thousand Islands are located north of the national capital Jakarta, and are the city's only regency.
The area around the Java Sea is also a popular tourist destination. Scuba diving offers a chance to explore and photograph underwater caverns, wrecks, coral, sponges, and other marine life.[12]
See also
References
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- ↑ AirAsia flight QZ8501: 5 things about Java Sea, where search for plane is taking place. The Straits Times. December 28, 2014
- ↑ Java Sea. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Oosten, F. C. van The Battle of the Java Sea Publisher: London : I. Allen, 1976. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Thomas, David A. Battle of the Java Sea. London: Pan Books, 1971. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Epton, Nina (1955). The Islands of Indonesia. London: Pitman.
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Further reading
- Touwen, Jeroen, ed. (2001). Shipping and Trade in the Java Sea Region, 1870–1940: A Collection of Statistics on the Major Java Sea Ports. Template:ISBN.
- (2008) "Java Sea: A Study on Its Economic Impacts".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
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