Irish exonyms
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This is a list of Irish language exonyms for places outside of Ireland. The tables contain both endonyms and exonyms of places around the world, with the exonyms written in Irish and the endonyms in their regional language(s).
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Algeria
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria an Ailgéir | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Algiers | Cathair na hAilgéire | Al Jāza'ir (الجزائر) | Standard Arabic | |
| Dzayer | Berber | |||
Belgium
| File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium an Bheilg | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Antwerp | Antuairp | Antwerpen | Dutch | |
| Brussels | an Bhruiséil | Brussel | Dutch | |
| Bruxelles | French | |||
| Flanders | Flóndras | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
| Leuven | Lováin | Leuven | Dutch | Site of St Anthony's College, Leuven, a centre of Irish learning and culture on the Continent |
| Ostend | Ostainn | Oostende | Dutch | |
| Wallonia | an Vallúin | Wallonie | French | |
| Walonreye | Walloon | |||
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
| File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina an Bhoisnia agus Heirseagaivéin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Sarajevo | Sairéavo | Sarajevo (Сарајево) | Bosnian | |
Canada
| File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Ceanada | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Labrador | (Leithinis) Labradar | Labrador | English, French | |
| Nunatsuak | Inuttitut | |||
| Newfoundland | Talamh an Éisc | Ikkarumikluak | Inuttitut | Irish name means "fishing grounds"; Newfoundland was settled by large numbers of Irish emigrants |
| Newfoundland | English | |||
| Terre-Neuve | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | Albain Nua | Alba Nuadh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Nouvelle-Écosse | French | |||
| Nova Scotia | English | |||
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China
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China an tSín | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Beijing | Bésing | Beijing (北京) | Mandarin | |
| Tibet | Tibéid | Bhö (བོད) | Tibetan | |
Croatia
| File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia an Chróit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Dalmatia | an Dalmáit | Dalmacija | |
| Zagreb | Ságrab | Zagreb | |
Cyprus
| File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus an Chipir | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endony | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Nicosia | an Leafcóis; an Nicóis | Lefkosía | Greek | |
| Lefkoşa | Turkish | |||
Czech Republic
| File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic an tSeic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Bohemia | an Bhohéim | Čechy | |
| Prague | Prág | Praha | |
Denmark
| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark an Danmhairg | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan | København | |
| Jutland | an Iútlainn | Jylland | |
| Zealand | an tSéalainn | Sjælland | |
Egypt
| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt an Éigipt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Cairo | Caireo | |||
France
| File:Flag of France.svg France an Fhrainc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | French place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bordeaux | Bordghal | Bordeaux | French | |
| Bordèu | Gascon | From Latin Burdigula[1] | ||
| Brittany | an Bhríotáin | Breizh | Breton | |
| Bretagne | French | |||
| Burgundy | an Bhurgúin | Bourgogne | French | |
| Corsica | an Chorsaic | Corse | French | |
| Corsica | Italian | |||
| Lorraine | an Lorráin | Lorraine | French | |
| Lottringe | West Franconian | |||
| Louréne | Lorrain | |||
| Normandy | an Normainn | Normandie | French | |
| Normaundie | Norman | |||
| Paris | Páras | Paris | French | |
Germany
| File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany an Ghearmáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bavaria | an Bhaváir | Bayern | German | |
| Berlin | Beirlín | Berlin | German | [2] |
| Saxony | an tSacsain | Sachsen | German | |
| Saggsn | Upper Saxon | |||
| Sakska | Upper Sorbian | |||
Great Britain
| File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Great Britain and Crown dependencies: an Bhreatain Mhór | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Aberdeen | Obar Dheathain | Obar Dheathain | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Bristol | Briostó | Bristol | English | |
| Cardiff | Caedydd | Caerdydd | Welsh | |
| Carlisle | Cathair Luail | Carlisle | English | |
| Coatbridge | Drochaid an Chóta | Drochaid a' Chòta | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Cornwall | an Chorn | Kernow | Cornish | |
| Corn na Breataine | ||||
| Douglas | Dúlais | Doolish | Manx | |
| Glasgow | Glaschú | Glaschu | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Dundee | Dún Déagh | Dùn Dèagh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann | Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |
| England | Sasana | England | English | From Old Irish Saxain (“Saxons, England”).[3][4] |
| Guernsey | Geansaí | |||
| Hebrides | Inse Ghall | na h-Innse Gall | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Inverness | Inbhear Nis | Inbhir Nis | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Isle of Man | Manainn | Mannin | Manx | Translation Oileán Mhanann (from Template:Langx) also used |
| Isle of Wight | Inis Iocht | Isle of Wight | English | |
| Jersey | Geirsí | |||
| Liverpool | Learpoll, Learpholl | Liverpool | English | |
| London | Londain | London | English | |
| Manchester | Manchain | Manchester | English | From Latin Mancunia |
| Orkney | Inse Orc | Arcaibh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Oxford | Áth na nDamh | Oxford | English | Calque, literally "ford of the oxen" |
| Perth | Peairt | Peairt | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Scotland | Albain | Alba | Scottish Gaelic | See Alba |
| Severn | an tSabhrainn | Severn | English | |
| Hafren | Welsh | |||
| Stirling | Sruighle | Sruighlea | Scottish Gaelic | English name also used in Irish |
| Strathclyde | Srath Chluaidh | Srath Chluaidh | Scottish Gaelic | |
| Thames | an Tamais | Thames | English | |
| Wales | an Bhreatain Bheag | Cymru | Welsh | Literally "Little Britain."[5] |
| York | Eabhrac | York | English | From the Latin Eboracum. |
Greece
| File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece an Ghréig | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Language | Notes | |||
| Athens | an Aithin | |||
| Crete | an Chréit | |||
| Rhodes | Ródas | |||
| Thessaloniki | Teasaloinicé | |||
Iceland
| File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland an Íoslainn | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Reykjavík | Réicivíc | Reykjavík | |
India
| File:Flag of India.svg India an India, an Ind | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Delhi | Deilí | |||
| Kolkata | Calcúta | |||
Indonesia
| File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia an Indinéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jakarta | Iacárta | Jakarta | Indonesian | |
Israel
| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel an Iosrael | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | Al-Quds | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| Yerushalayim (ירושלים) | Hebrew | |||
Italy
| File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy an Iodáil | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Florence | Flórans | |||
| Lombardy | an Lombaird | |||
| Milan | Milan/ Milano[6] | |||
| Piedmont | Píodmant | |||
| Rome | an Róimh | |||
| Sardinia | an tSairdín | |||
| Sicily | an tSicil | |||
| Tuscany | an Tuscáin | |||
| Venice | an Veinéis | |||
Libya
| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya an Libia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tripoli | Tripilí | |||
Lithuania
| File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania an Liotuáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Vilnius | Vilnias | Vilnius | Lithuanian | |
Moldova
| File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova an Mholdóiv | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Chişinău | Císineá | |||
Myanmar
| File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Maenmar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Yangon | Rangún | |||
Palestine
| Template:Country data Palestine an Phalaistín | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bethlehem | Beithil | بيت لحم (Beit Lahm) | Arabic | |
| בֵּית לֶחֶם (Bet Leḥem) | Hebrew | |||
| Jerusalem | Iarúsailéim | القُدس (Al-Quds) | Arabic | From Latin Ierusalem. The earliest Irish form is Old Irish Hierosalem, from the 8th-century poems of Blathmac mac Con Brettan. |
| יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yershuláyim) | Hebrew | |||
| Nazareth | Nazarat | النَّاصِرَة (an-Nāṣira) | Arabic | |
| נָצְרַת (Natsrat) | Hebrew | |||
| ܢܨܪܬ, (Naṣrath) | Imperial Aramaic | |||
Poland
| File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland an Pholainn | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Warsaw | Vársá | Warzawa | Polish | |
Portugal
| File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal an Phortaingéil | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Lisbon | Liospóin | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
| Madeira | Maidéara | |||
Romania
| File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania an Rómáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bucharest | Búcairist | Bucureşti | Romanian | |
Russia
| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia an Rúis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Moscow | Moscó | Moskva | Russian | |
| Saint Petersburg | Cathair Pheadair | Sankt Peterburg | Russian | |
| Siberia | an tSibéir | |||
| Ural | an Úrail | |||
Serbia
| File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia an tSeirbia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád | Beograd | |
South Korea
| File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea an Chóiré Theas | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes |
| Seoul | Súl | ||
Spain
| File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain an Spáinn | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| A Coruña | an Choróin | Obsolete | ||
| Cathair na Cruinne | ||||
| Aragon | an Aragóin | |||
| Galicia | an Ghailís | |||
| Mallorca | Mallarca | |||
| Menorca | Mionarca | |||
| Seville | Seville | |||
Sudan
| File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan an tSúdáin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Khartoum | Cartúm | |||
Sweden
| File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden an tSualainn | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Götaland | an Ghotlann | Götaland | Swedish | |
| Stockholm | Stócólm | Stockholm | Swedish | |
Switzerland
| File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland an Eilvéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Geneva | an Ghinéiv | Genf | German | |
| Genève | French | |||
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Syria
| File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria an tSiria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Damascus | an Damaisc | Dimašq | Standard Arabic | |
Tunisia
| File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia an Túnéis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Tunisian place | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Tunis | Túinis | |||
Ukraine
| File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine an Úcráin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Crimea | an Chrimé | |||
| Kyiv | Cív | Kyiv | Ukrainian | |
United Arab Emirates
| File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Aontas na nÉimíríochtaí Arabacha | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Abu Dhabi | Abú Daibí | |||
United States
| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Stáit Aontaithe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Boston | Bostún | Boston | English | |
| Ellis Island | Oileán an Choraintín | Ellis Island | English | Meaning ‘Quarantine Island,’ reflecting the fact that Irish arrivals in New York were seen as carriers of infections and obliged to spend periods of quarantine there. |
| Hawai'i | Haváí | Hawai'i | English, Hawaiian | |
| New York City | Nua-Eabhrac | New York City | English | From the Latin Eboracum, the old name for York, England. |
Vietnam
| File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Vítneam | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Irish name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Hanoi | Hanáí | Hà Nội | Vietnamese | |
References
- téarma.ie – Téarma – the National Terminology Database for Irish, developed by Fiontar (Dublin City University) in collaboration with An Coiste Téarmaíochta (Foras na Gaeilge)
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See also
Template:Exonyms per languageTemplate:Place name etymologies