Iaai language

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Iaai (Iaai pronunciation: Script error: No such module "IPA".; Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell) is a language of Ouvéa Island (New Caledonia). It shares the island of Ouvéa with Fagauvea, a Polynesian outlier language.

Iaai is the sixth-most-spoken language of New Caledonia, with 4078 speakers as of 2009.[1] It is taught in schools in an effort to preserve it.

The language has been studied by linguists Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre and Anne-Laure Dotte.

Phonology

Iaai is remarkable for its large inventory of unusual phonemes, in particular its consonants, with a rich variety of voiceless nasals and approximants.[2]

Vowels

File:Iaai vowel chart.svg
Monophthongs of Iaai on a vowel chart, from Template:Harvcoltxt

Iaai has ten vowel qualities, all of which may occur long and short. There is little difference in quality depending on length.[3]

Front Central Back
Unrounded Rounded Unrounded Rounded
Close Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Close mid Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Open mid Template:IPAblink Template:IPAblink Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Open Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link

Iaai constitutes one of the few cases of front rounded vowels attested outside of their geographic stronghold in Eurasia,[4] even if other cases have since been reported in the Oceanic family.[5]

The vowel Script error: No such module "IPA". is only known to occur in six words. In all of these but Script error: No such module "IPA". "dedicate", it appears between a labial (b, m) and velar (k, ŋ) consonant.

After the non-labiovelarized labial consonants and the vowel Script error: No such module "IPA"., the vowel Script error: No such module "IPA". is pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA"..

The open vowels only contrast in a few environments. Script error: No such module "IPA". only occurs after the plain labial consonants and the vowel Script error: No such module "IPA"., the same environment that produces Script error: No such module "IPA".. Script error: No such module "IPA". does not occur after Script error: No such module "IPA"., but does occur elsewhere, so that there is a contrast between Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". after Script error: No such module "IPA"..

The vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". are written with their IPA letters. Script error: No such module "IPA". is written û, Script error: No such module "IPA". is written ë, Script error: No such module "IPA". is written â, and Script error: No such module "IPA". is written ö. Long vowels, which are twice as long as short vowels, are written double.

Consonants

Iaai has an unusual voicing distinction in its sonorants, as well as several coronal series. Unlike most languages of New Caledonia, voiced stops are not prenasalized.[3]

Labial Denti-
alveolar 		Alveolar Retroflex Pre-palatal Velar Glottal
plain / palatalizedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". labiovelarizedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Plosive voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link
voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". (Template:IPA link) (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link
Nasal voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Fricative voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link
Approximant voicelessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voicedScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:IPA link (Template:IPA link) Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Flap Template:IPA link

Unlike many languages with denti-alveolar stops, Iaai Script error: No such module "IPA". are released abruptly, and Script error: No such module "IPA". has a very short voice onset time. However, the apical post-alveolar and laminal palatal stops Script error: No such module "IPA". have substantially fricated releases Script error: No such module "IPA"., and may be better described as sounds between proper stops and affricates.

The labial approximants are placed in their respective columns following their phonological behaviour (their effects on following vowels), but there is evidence that all members of these series are either labial-palatal or labial-velar. Script error: No such module "IPA". are sometimes pronounced as weak fricatives Script error: No such module "IPA"..

In many cases, words with voiced and voiceless approximants are morphologically related, such as Script error: No such module "IPA". "night" and Script error: No such module "IPA". "black". Script error: No such module "IPA".- and vowel-initial words have a similar relationship. The voiceless sonorant often marks object incorporation. However, many roots with voiceless sonorants have no voiced cognate.

The labialized labials are more precisely labio-velarized labials. There is evidence that non-labialized labial consonants such as Script error: No such module "IPA". are palatalized Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., etc., but this is obscured before front vowels. If this turns out to be the situation, it would parallel Micronesian languages which have no plain labials.

Notes

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  1. ↑ Dotte 2013.
  2. ↑ The main sources about the phonology of Iaai are Ozanne-Rivierre (1976); Maddieson and Anderson (1994).
  3. ↑ a b See Maddieson & Anderson (1994).
  4. ↑ Maddieson, Ian. Front Rounded Vowels, in Martin Haspelmath et al. (eds.) The World Atlas of Language Structures, pp. 50-53. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Template:ISBN. (online version).
  5. ↑ See for example Löyöp, Lemerig, Vurës of northern Vanuatu, p.194 of: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

References

  • Dotte, Anne-Laure (2013), Le iaai aujourd'hui. Évolutions sociolinguistiques et linguistiques d'une langue kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Ouvéa, Îles Loyauté). Doctoral thesis. Université Lumière-Lyon2, Lyon, France. 528 pp.
  • Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  • Tryon, Darrell T. Iai grammar. B-8, xii + 137 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".

External links

Template:Languages of New Caledonia Template:Southern Oceanic languages Template:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages Template:Authority control

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