Hydroxylammonium sulfate
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula [NH3OH]2SO4. A colorless solid, it is the sulfate salt of hydroxylamine. It is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is a volatile liquid.[1]
Production
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is prepared industrially by protonation of hydroxylamine. The latter is produced by the hydrogenation of nitric oxide using a platinum catalyst:[1]
Another route to Template:Chem2 is the Raschig process: aqueous ammonium nitrite is reduced by [[Bisulfite|Template:Chem2]] and [[Sulfur dioxide|Template:Chem2]] at 0 °C to yield a hydroxylamido-N,N-disulfonate anion::[2]
This ammonium hydroxylamine disulfonate anion is then hydrolyzed to give hydroxylammonium sulfate:
Applications
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Almost all hydroxylamine and its salts are used to make precursors to nylons via cyclohexanone oxime.[1] Many aldehydes and ketones undergo the same conversion to oximes. carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) convert to hydroxamic acids. Isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas. Nitriles react to give amidoximes. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or from chlorosulfuric acid.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. It is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. (NH3OH)2SO4 is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. It is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.
Structure
Hydroxylammonium sulfate exists as tetrahedral Template:Chem2 cations and sulfate anions.
Safety
Hydroxylamine, which occurs widely in nature, has low toxicity. The compound is stable below 120 °C.[1]