Ammonium nitrite
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Template:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox AllOtherNamesTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox JmolTemplate:Chembox ChEMBLTemplate:Chembox ECHATemplate:Chembox E numberTemplate:Chembox IUPHAR ligandTemplate:Chembox UNIITemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox SolubilityInWaterTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox OHS (set)Template:Chembox GHS (set)Template:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox Datapage checkTemplate:Chembox Footer| Template:Longitem | Template:Unbulleted list |
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| Template:Longitem | Template:Chem2 |
| Molar mass | Template:Chem molar mass |
| Appearance | colorless or pale yellow crystals |
| Density | 1.69 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Shock sensitivity | Low |
| Friction sensitivity | Low |
| Detonation velocity | >1000 m/s |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Template:NFPA 704 diamond |
| Flash point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Template:Longitem | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Template:Longitem | Ammonium nitrate |
| Template:Longitem | Sodium nitrite |
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Ammonium nitrite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Template:Chem2. It is the ammonium salt of nitrous acid. It is composed of ammonium cations Template:Chem2 and nitrite anions Template:Chem2. It is not used in pure isolated form since it is highly unstable and decomposes into water and nitrogen, even at room temperature.
Preparation
Ammonium nitrite forms naturally in the air and can be prepared by the absorption of equal parts nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide in aqueous ammonia.[1]
It can also be synthesized by oxidizing ammonia with ozone or hydrogen peroxide, or in a precipitation reaction of barium or lead nitrite with ammonium sulfate, or silver nitrite with ammonium chloride, or ammonium perchlorate with potassium nitrite. The precipitate is filtered off and the solution concentrated. It forms colorless crystals which are soluble in water.
Physical and chemical properties
Ammonium nitrite may explode at a temperature of 60–70 °C,[1] and will decompose quicker when dissolved in a concentrated aqueous solution, than in the form of a dry crystal. Even in room temperature the compound slowly decomposes into water and nitrogen:
It decomposes when heated or in the presence of acid into water and nitrogen.[2] Ammonium nitrite solution is stable at higher pH and lower temperature. If there is any decrease in pH lower than 7.0, it may lead to an explosion, since the nitrite can react to it. A safe pH can be maintained by adding an ammonia solution. The mole ratio of ammonium nitrite to ammonia must be above 10%.
References
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