Hydroxylammonium sulfate

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Hydroxylammonium sulfate

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UN number	2865
Template:Longitem	H8N2O6S
Molar mass	164.14 g/mol
Appearance	white crystalline to fine product, slightly hygroscopic
Density	1.88 g/cm3
Melting point	Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures
Template:Longitem	Monoclinic
Template:Longitem	P21/c
Template:Longitem	a = , b = , c =  α = 90°, β = °, γ = 90°
Template:Longitem	Hydroxylammonium nitrate Hydroxylammonium chloride
Template:Longitem	Ammonium sulfate Hydrazinium sulfate
Template:Longitem	Hydroxylamine

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula [NH₃OH]₂SO₄. A colorless solid, it is the sulfate salt of hydroxylamine. It is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is a volatile liquid.

Production

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is prepared industrially by protonation of hydroxylamine. The latter is produced by the hydrogenation of nitric oxide using a platinum catalyst:

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Another route to Template:Chem2 is the Raschig process: aqueous ammonium nitrite is reduced by [[Bisulfite|Template:Chem2]] and [[Sulfur dioxide|Template:Chem2]] at 0 °C to yield a hydroxylamido-N,N-disulfonate anion::

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This ammonium hydroxylamine disulfonate anion is then hydrolyzed to give hydroxylammonium sulfate:

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Applications

Almost all hydroxylamine and its salts are used to make precursors to nylons via cyclohexanone oxime. Many aldehydes and ketones undergo the same conversion to oximes. carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) convert to hydroxamic acids. Isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas. Nitriles react to give amidoximes. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or from chlorosulfuric acid.

Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. It is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. (NH₃OH)₂SO₄ is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. It is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.

Structure

File:Hydroxylammonium-sulfate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png

Hydroxylammonium sulfate exists as tetrahedral Template:Chem2 cations and sulfate anions.

Safety

Hydroxylamine, which occurs widely in nature, has low toxicity. The compound is stable below 120 °C.

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0898