List of fictitious kings in Korean genealogies
This is a list of fictional monarchs appearing in the genealogies of three Korean descent groups: the Cheongju Han, the Haengju Gi, and the Taewon Seonu. These groups claim descent from a line of putative kings of Gojoseon and Mahan founded by the legendary Chinese figure Jizi, who is said to have introduced Chinese civilization to Korea.Template:Sfn However, the association between Jizi and these clans is considered an Early Modern fabrication.Template:Sfn The records of the Goryeo dynasty make no link between Cheongju Han individuals and Jizi, despite the fact that the official veneration of Jizi as a culture hero was patronized by the state.Template:Sfn Fifteenth- and sixteenth-century sources also report that the descent group had been founded either by Han Ran(한란,韓蘭), a tenth-century general in the service of Taejo of Goryeo, or by Han Gang(한강,韓康), a thirteenth-century minister in the government of Gojong of Goryeo.Template:Sfn
In the case of the Cheongju Han, the creation of the myth appears to have involved the integration of reports from the third-century Chinese history Weilüe, in which King Jun is said to have fled south and proclaimed himself King of "Han" after losing his throne to a Chinese usurper, and the Jewang ungi, a thirteenth-century epic poem in which King Jun is said to have become the king of Mahan. However, the histories never actually state that King Jun was a descendant of Jizi.Template:Sfn The genealogies claim that King Jun's descendants ruled Mahan for a while before losing the throne, at which point the last king's three sons scattered to the Three Kingdoms of Korea and founded the Han, Gi, and Seonu.Template:Sfn
The first evidence of Koreans claiming descent from Jizi and the Gojoseon kings appears in a Joseon Veritable Records entry for September 1603, when a discussion about Jizi between King Seonjo and his ministers digressed into a discussion on whether Jizi had traceable living descendants. The ministers, such as Yun Geun-su, reported that it was said that the Cheongju Han and the Taewon Seonu were descended from Jizi; the king remained skeptical.Template:Sfn Surviving writing by Yun Geun-su himself suggests considerable personal doubt as to the veracity of the Cheongju Han's claims.Template:Sfn
Seonjo's successor, Gwanghaegun, significantly supported the state veneration of Jizi amid an environment in which claiming Chinese descent became increasingly prestigious following Ming China's successful interventions to save Korea during the 1590s Japanese invasions. In particular, the supposed descendants of Jizi were now legally relieved from the military cloth tax(군포,軍布) that Koreans were obliged to pay in place of conscription.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn As a result, many unrelated descent groups changed their affiliation to those descended from Jizi, with the result that groups such as the Jindo Han clan or the Jinan Han clan vanished.Template:Sfn Descent from Jizi became generally accepted in Korean society following the publication of genealogies in the early seventeenth century,Template:Sfn although major Korean scholars, in particular of the Silhak strain of practical scholarship, continued to question the connection.Template:Sfn Modern Korean historians do not accept the historical validity of the genealogies.
Gojoseon (Gija joseon)
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| # | Throne name (Hanja/Hangul) | Personal name (Hanja/Hangul) | Period of reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Munseong (文聖大王/문성대왕) | Gija (箕子/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | 1122(?)–1082 BCE |
| 2 | Janghye (莊惠王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Song (松/송) | 1082－1057BCE |
| 3 | Gyeonghyo (敬孝王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Sun (詢/순) | 1057－1030BCE |
| 4 | Gongjeong (恭貞王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Baek (伯/백) | 1030－1000BCE |
| 5 | Munmu (文武王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Chun (椿/춘) | 1000－972BCE |
| 6 | Taewon (太原王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Ye (禮/예) | 972－968BCE |
| 7 | Gyeongchang (景昌王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Jang (莊/장) | 968－957BCE |
| 8 | Heungpyeong (興平王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Chak (捉/착) | 957－943BCE |
| 9 | Cheorwi (哲威/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Jo (調/조) | 943－925BCE |
| 10 | Seonhye (宣惠王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Sak (索/색) | 925－896BCE |
| 11 | Uiyang (誼襄王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Sa (師/사) | 896－843BCE |
| 12 | Munhye (文惠王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Yeom (炎/염) | 843－793BCE |
| 13 | Seongdeok (盛德王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Wol (越/월) | 793－778BCE |
| 14 | Dohoe (悼懷王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Jik (職/직) | 778－776BCE |
| 15 | Munyeol (文烈王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | U (優/우) | 776－761BCE |
| 16 | Changguk (昌国王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Mok (睦/목) | 761－748BCE |
| 17 | Museong (武成王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Pyeong (平/평) | 748－722BCE |
| 18 | Jeonggyeong (貞敬王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Gwol (闕/궐) | 722－703BCE |
| 19 | Nakseong of Gojoseon (樂成王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Hoe (懷/회) | 703－675BCE |
| 20 | Hyojong (孝宗王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Jon (存/존) | 675－658BCE |
| 21 | Cheonhyo/Cheollo (天老王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Hyo (孝/효) | 658－634BCE |
| 22 | Sudo (修道王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Yang (襄/양) | 634－615BCE |
| 23 | Hwiyang (徽襄王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Tong (通/통) | 615－594BCE |
| 24 | Bongil (奉日王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Cham (參/참) | 594－578BCE |
| 25 | Deokchang (德昌王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Geun (僅/근) | 578－560BCE |
| 26 | Suseong (寿聖王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Sak (朔/삭) | 560－519BCE |
| 27 | Yeonggeol (英傑王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Ryeo (藜/려) | 519－503BCE |
| 28 | Ilmin (逸民王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Gang (岡/강) | 503－486BCE |
| 29 | Jese (濟世王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Hon (混/혼) | 486－465BCE |
| 30 | Cheongguk (清国王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Byeok (璧/벽) | 465－432BCE |
| 31 | Doguk (導国王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Jing (澄/징) | 432－413BCE |
| 32 | Hyeokseong (赫聖王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Jun (File:Korean-Jun-KijaJoseonKing.png/준) | 413－385BCE |
| 33 | Hwara (和羅王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Wi (謂/위) | 385－369BCE |
| 34 | Seolmun (說文王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Ha (賀/하) | 369－361BCE |
| 35 | Gyeongsun (慶順王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Hwa (華/화) | 361－342BCE |
| 36 | Gadeok (嘉德王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Hu (詡/후) | 342－315BCE |
| 37 | Samhyo/Samno (三老王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Uk (煜/욱) | 315－290BCE |
| 38 | Hyeonmun (顯文王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Seok (釋/석) | 290－251BCE |
| 39 | Jangpyeong (章平王/Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Yun (潤/윤) | 251－232BCE |
| 40 | Bu (宗統王/Script error: No such module "Lang".); Posthumous Name: Jong Tong (宗統王/종통왕) | Gibu (基否/기부) | 232－220BCE |
| 41 | Jun (哀王（Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Gijun (基準/기준) | 220－195BCE |
Mahan
- 기준 (箕準) or King Mugang 무강왕 武康王 (220–194BCE)
- 기탁 (箕卓) or King Gang 강왕 康王 (193–189BCE)
- 기감 (箕龕) or King An 안왕 安王 (189–157BCE)
- 기식 (箕寔) or King Hye 혜왕 惠王 (157–144BCE)
- 기무 (箕武) or King Myung 명왕 明王 (144–113BCE)
- 기형 (箕亨) or King Hyo 효왕 孝王 (113–73BCE)
- 기섭 (箕燮) or King Yang 양왕 襄王 (73–58BCE)
- 기훈 (箕勳) or King Won 원왕 元王 (58–32BCE)
- 기정 (箕貞) or King Gye 계왕 稽王 (32–17BCE)
See also
References
Citations
Works cited
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