Hans Wehr transliteration

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The Hans Wehr transliteration system is a system for transliteration of the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet used in the Hans Wehr dictionary (1952; in English 1961). The system was modified somewhat in the English editions. It is printed in lowercase italics. It marks some consonants using diacritics (underdot, macron below, and caron) rather than digraphs, and writes long vowels with macrons.

The transliteration of the Arabic alphabet:

Letter Name Transliteration Eng. ed.[1]
Script error: No such module "Lang". hamza ʼ
Script error: No such module "Lang". alif ā
Script error: No such module "Lang". bāʼ b
Script error: No such module "Lang". tāʼ t
Script error: No such module "Lang". ṯāʼ ṯ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ǧīm ǧ j
Script error: No such module "Lang". ḥāʼ ḥ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ḫāʼ ḫ ḵ
Script error: No such module "Lang". dāl d
Script error: No such module "Lang". ḏāl ḏ
Script error: No such module "Lang". rāʼ r
Script error: No such module "Lang". zāy z
Script error: No such module "Lang". sīn s
Script error: No such module "Lang". šīn š
Script error: No such module "Lang". ṣād ṣ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ḍād ḍ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ṭāʼ ṭ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ẓāʼ ẓ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ʽain ʽ
Script error: No such module "Lang". ġain ġ ḡ
Script error: No such module "Lang". fāʼ f
Script error: No such module "Lang". qāf q
Script error: No such module "Lang". kāf k
Script error: No such module "Lang". lām l
Script error: No such module "Lang". mīm m
Script error: No such module "Lang". nūn n
Script error: No such module "Lang". hāʼ h
Script error: No such module "Lang". wāw w, u, or ū
Script error: No such module "Lang". yāʼ y, i, or ī
  • Hamza (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is represented as ʼ in the middle and at the end of a word. At the beginning of a word, it is not represented.
  • The tāʼ marbūṭa (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is normally not represented, and words ending in it simply have a final -a. It is, however, represented with a t when it is the ending of the first noun of an iḍāfa and with an h when it appears after a long ā.
  • Native Arabic long vowels: ā ī ū
  • Long vowels in borrowed words: ē ō
  • Short vowels: fatḥa is represented as a, kasra as i and ḍamma as u. (see short vowel marks)
  • Wāw and yāʼ are represented as u and i after fatḥa: ʻain "eye", yaum "day".
  • Non-standard Arabic consonants: p (Script error: No such module "Lang".), ž (Script error: No such module "Lang".), g (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
  • Alif maqṣūra (Script error: No such module "Lang".): ā
  • Madda (Script error: No such module "Lang".): ā at the beginning of a word, ʼā in the middle or at the end
  • A final yāʼ (Script error: No such module "Lang".), the nisba adjective ending, is represented as ī normally, but as īy when the ending contains the third consonant of the root. This difference is not written in the Arabic.
  • Capitalization: The transliteration uses no capitals, even for proper names.
  • Definite article: The Arabic definite article Script error: No such module "Lang". is represented as al- except where assimilation occurs: al- + šams is transliterated aš-šams (see sun and moon letters). The a in al- is omitted after a final a (as in lamma šamla l-qatīʻ "to round up the herd") or changed to i after a feminine third person singular perfect verb form (as in kašafat il-ḥarbu ʻan sāqin "war flared up").

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

  1. ↑ English edition (1961, 1994), see "Introduction".
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