Guató language
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Guató is a language isolate[1] spoken by 4 of the Guató people of Brazil. It has variously been claimed to be of Macro-Jê or isolate affiliation.
Classification
Kaufman (1990) provisionally classified Guató as a branch of the Macro-Jê languages, but no evidence for this was found by Eduardo Ribeiro. Martins (2011) also suggests a relationship with Macro-Jê.[2] Nikulin (2020) excludes this possibility.[3]
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Bororo, Tupi, and Karib language families due to contact.[4]
An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)[5] found lexical similarities between Guató and the Zamucoan languages. However, since the analysis was automatically generated, the grouping could be either due to mutual lexical borrowing, genetic inheritance, or chance resemblances.
Distribution
Today, Guató is spoken in Guató Indigenous Territory and Baía dos Guató Indigenous Territory.[6]
Loukotka (1968) reported that in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, Guató is spoken on the banks of the Paraguay River and up the São Lourenço River, along the Bolivian border.[7] It is also spoken at Uberaba Lake[8] in Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia).
Phonology
The Guató vowel system, like that of Macro-Jê languages, collapses a three-way distinction of height in oral vowels to two in nasal vowels.[9][10]
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Guató.[8]
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For more extensive vocabulary lists of Guató by Palácio (1984)[9][11] and Postigo (2009),[10] see the corresponding Portuguese article.
References
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- ↑ Martins, Andérbio Márcio Silva. 2011. Uma avaliação da hipótese de relações genéticas entre o Guató e o tronco Macro-Jê. Doutorado em Linguística. Universidade de Brasília.
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- ↑ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013).
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Further reading
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External links
- Portal Japiim (online dictionary)
Template:Languages of Brazil Template:Language families Template:South American languages