Gogo Formation

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File:Gogostation.png
View of Gogo Station, 1951

The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a Lagerstätte that exhibits exceptional preservation of a Devonian reef community. The formation is named after Gogo Station, a cattle station where outcrops appear and fossils are often collected from,[1] as is nearby Fossil Downs Station.

History

The reef, which now stands up abruptly in the western Australian desert (as the Windjana Limestone), was first identified in 1940 by paleontologist Curt Teichert, who discovered the first fossil fish from the region.[2]

Sedimentology

Unweathered sections of the Gogo Formation are made of siltstone, shale and calcarenite with numerous limestone concretions. These concretions are resistant to weathering, producing extensive nodule fields on the ground in areas where the surrounding rock has eroded away.[3]

The Gogo sediments represent deep, hypoxic seafloor deposits in the vicinity of a large tropical reef composed primarily of algae and stromatoporoids during the Frasnian faunal stage of the Late Devonian.[4] Associated stratigraphic units which comprise this ancient reef system are the Windjana Formation (the actual reef structures), Pillara Limestone (reef platform) and the Sadler Formation (fore-reef deposits).[3]

Deposition

The formation was deposited in the Frasnian (late Devonian).[5]

Fossil preservation

The fossils of the Gogo Formation display three-dimensional soft-tissue preservation of tissues as fragile as nerves and embryos with umbilical cords.[5] Over fifty species of fish have been described from the formation, and arthropods, including phyllocarids[6] and eurypterids[7] are similarly well-preserved.[5] Nautiloids, goniatites and tentaculids are also known from the formation, but their soft tissue is not preserved.[5]

The calcareous concretions formed around objects from the shallow reef areas which sank into the deep anoxic basins. The concretions sometimes contain the remains of fish, whose bodies are often preserved complete in three-dimensions due to rapid encasement and the slow rate of decay in the oxygen-poor surroundings. By repeated baths in a dilute acid solution, the matrix is dissolved away via a process of acid etching to reveal delicate fish fossils, some retaining impressions of soft tissues.

The discovery of Materpiscis, a placoderm preserved with an embryonic juvenile still attached by its umbilical cord, has revealed that at least some placoderms gave birth to live young.[8]

Fossil content

Placodermi

Genus Species Notes Images
Austroptyctodus A. gardinieri [9]
Bothriolepis Indeterminate [10]
File:Bothriolepis sp. from Gogo Formation.png
Bruntonichthys B. multidens [11]
File:Bruntonichthys multidens.jpg
Bullerichthys B. fascidens [11]
Campbellodus C. decipiens [9]
File:Campbellodus decipiens.jpg
Camuropiscis C. concinnus [12]
File:Camuropiscis species.jpg
C. laidlawi [13]
Compagopiscis C. croucheri [14]
File:Compagopiscis croucheri.png
Eastmanosteus E. calliaspis [15]
File:E calliaspis.png
Fallacosteus F. turneri [16]
File:Fallacosteus turnerae.jpg
Harrytoombsia H. elegans [17]
File:Harrytoombsia (Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet).jpg
Holonema H. westolli [18]
File:Holonema westolli.jpg
Incisoscutum I. ritchei
File:Incisoscutum ritchei.jpg
I. sarahae [19]
Kendrickichthys K. cavernosus [11]
Kimberleyichthys K. bispicatus [14]
K. whybrowi [14]
Materpiscis M. attenboroughi [20]
File:Materpiscis.png
Latocamurus L. coulthardi [21]
File:Latocamurus coulthardi.jpg
Mcnamaraspis M. kaprios [22]
File:Mcnamaraspis.png
Pinguosteus P. thulborni [16]
File:Pinguosteus thulborni.jpg
Rolfosteus R. canningensis [23]
File:Rolfosteus canningensis.jpg
Simosteus S. tuberculatus [24]
File:Simosteus tuberculatus.jpg
Torosteus T. tuberculatus [14]
T. pulchellus [14]
Tubonasus T. lennardensis [23]
File:Tubonasus lennardensis.jpg

Actinopterygii

Genus Species Notes Images
Gogosardina G. coatesi [14]
Mimipiscis M. toombsi [25]
File:Mimipiscis skull cropped.png
Moythomasia M. durgaringa
File:Moythomasia durgaringa fossil.png
M. lineata

Chondrichthyes

Genus Species Notes Images
Gogoselachus G. lynbeazleyae [26]
File:Gogoselachus jaw.png

Acanthodians

Genus Species Notes
Halimacanthodes H. ahlbergi [27]

Sarcopterygii

Genus Species Notes Images
Adololopas A. moyasmithae [14]
Chirodipterus C. australis [28]
File:Chirodipterus australis.png
Ngamugawi N. wirngarri Originally considered as Diplocercides.[29][30]
Gogodipterus G. paddyensis [31]
Gogonasus G. andrewsae [32]
File:Gogonasus andrewsae skull and girdle.png
Griphognathus G. whitei [28]
File:Griphognathus whitei skull.png
Holodipterus "H" (Holodipteroides) elderae [14]
H. gogoensis [28]
H. meemanae [14]
Onychodus O. jandemarrai [33]
File:Onychodus jandemarrai holotype skull.png
Pillararhynchus P. longi [34]
Rhinodipterus R. kimberleyensis [5]
Robinsondipterus R. longi [35]
Xeradipterus X. hatcheri [36]

Conodonta

Genus Species Notes
Polygnathus P. varca [37]
P. normalis [37]
P. asymmetrica asymmetrica [37]
P. asymmetrica ovalis [37]
Playfordia P. primitiva [37]
Gnamptognathus G.? lipperti [37]
G.? cf. G.? lipperti [37]
Ancyrodella A. rotundiloba alata [37]
A. rotundiloba rotundiloba [37]
Icirodus I. symmetricus [37]
Roundya A. aurita [37]

Ammonoidea

Genus Species Notes
Timanites T. angustus [37]
Tornoceras T. (T.) simplex [37]

Arthropoda

Genus Species Notes Images
Montecaris M. gogoensis Phyllocarid arthropod, reaching length up to Script error: No such module "convert"..[38]
File:Montecaris gogoensis.png
M. sp. indet. [38]
Schugurocaris S. wami Phyllocarid arthropod.[38]
S. sp. indet.
Dithyrocaris D. sp. indet.
Concavicaris C. campi Thylacocephalan arthropod.[6][39]
C. glenisteri
C. milesi
C. playfordi
C. sp.
Harrycaris H. whittingtoni
Adelophthalmus A. waterstoni An eurypterid. Originally described as a species of Rhenopterus.[40]
File:Adelophthalmus irinae.png
Undescribed eurypterid [41]
'Mushia' Common fossil from Gogo Formation, undescribed arthropod with unknown affinity.
Chemical analysis shows that is likely to be a crustacean.[41]
File:Mushia from Gogo Formation.png


References

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  1. ↑ "The Fossil Emblem of Western Australia" Template:Webarchive Accessed 16 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ "Aussie fish fossil gives birth to history" Accessed 29 May 2008.
  9. ↑ a b Long, J.A. 1997. Ptyctodontid fishes (Vertebrata, Placodermi) from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia, with a revision of the European genus Ctenurella Orvig, 1960. Geodiversitas 19(3): 515–555.
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c DENNIS, K. and MILES, R. S. (1980), New durophagous arthrodires from Gogo, Western Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69: 43–85. Script error: No such module "CS1 identifiers".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Locality No. 20, Stromatoporoid Camp Area at Fossilworks.org
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Long, J. A. 1990a, "Two new arthrodires (placoderm fishes) from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia", Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 28, De Vis Symposium Volume, pp. 51–64.
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Denison, Robert (1978). Placodermi Volume 2 of Handbook of Paleoichthyology'. Stuttgart New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-89574-027-4
  19. ↑ J. A. Long. 1994. A second incisoscutid arthrodire (Pisces, Placodermi) from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia. Alcheringa 18(1-2):59-69
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Long, J. (1995). "A new ploudosteid arthrodire from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia". Palaeontology. 38: 39–62.
  23. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ LONG, J.A. & TRINAJSTIC, K. 2010. The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lagerstatte –Exceptional preservation and Diversity in early Vertebrates. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 38: 665-680
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>John A. Long 2010. New holodontid lungfishes from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia. Pp. 275-298 in: <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>Elliott, D.K., Maisey, J.G., Yu, X. & Miao, D. (eds): Morphology, Phylogeny and Paleobiogeography of Fossil Fishes. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München.
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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