Global Financial Centres Index

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Template:Short description

File:Global Financial Centres Index Logo.jpg
Logo

The Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI) ranks the competitiveness of financial centres based on over 29,000 assessments from an online questionnaire and over 100 indices from organisations such as the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Economist Intelligence Unit.[1] It was first published in March 2007. It has been jointly published twice per year by the London-based think tank Z/Yen and the China Development Institute since 2015.[2] It is widely quoted as a top source for ranking financial centres.[3][4][5]

GFCI 37 (March 2025)

The 37th edition of the GFCI was published in March 2025.[6]

Top 20 Centres in GFCI 37 (March 2025)[6]
Rank Centre Rating Change in rank Change in rating
1 Template:Flagicon New York City 769 Steady Increase 6
2 Template:Flagicon London 762 Steady Increase 12
3 Template:Flagicon Hong Kong 760 Steady Increase 11
4 Template:Flagicon Singapore 750 Steady Increase 3
5 Template:Flagicon San Francisco 749 Steady Increase 7
6 Template:Flagicon Chicago 746 Steady Increase 6
7 Template:Flagicon Los Angeles 745 Steady Increase 6
8 Template:Flagicon Shanghai 744 Steady Increase 6
9 Template:Flagicon Shenzhen 743 Steady Increase 11
10 Template:Flagicon Seoul 742 Increase 1 Increase 13
11 Template:Flagicon Frankfurt 741 Decrease 1 Increase 11
12 Template:Flagicon Dubai 740 Increase 4 Increase 17
13 Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. 739 Decrease 1 Increase 11
14 Template:Flagicon Dublin 738 Steady Increase 13
15 Template:Flagicon Geneva 737 Decrease 2 Increase 11
16 Template:Flagicon Luxembourg 736 Increase 3 Increase 16
17 Template:Flagicon Paris 730 Decrease 2 Increase 11
18 Template:Flagicon Amsterdam 734 Increase 9 Increase 22
19 Template:Flagicon Boston 733 Increase 3 Increase 16
20 Template:Flagicon Beijing 732 Decrease 2 Increase 11

Financial centre profiles (GFCI 36, September 2024)

The latest report ranked 120 international financial centres into the following matrix:

Financial Centre Profiles (GFCI 36, September 2024)[7]
Level Broad and deep
Global leaders 		Relatively broad
Global diversified 		Relatively deep
Global specialists 		Emerging
Global contenders
Global

Template:Flagicon London
Template:Flagicon New York
Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C.
Template:Flagicon Paris
Template:Flagicon Los Angeles
Template:Flagicon Tokyo
Template:Flagicon Zurich
Template:Flagicon Amsterdam
Template:Flagicon Dublin*
Template:Flagicon Frankfurt

Template:Flagicon Singapore*
Template:Flagicon Seoul
Template:Flagicon Kuala Lumpur
Template:Flagicon Brussels

Template:Flagicon Dubai
Template:Flagicon Abu Dhabi
Template:Flagicon Casablanca*
Template:Flagicon Mauritius
Template:Flagicon Hong Kong
Template:Flagicon Luxembourg

Template:Flagicon Beijing*
Template:Flagicon Istanbul*
Template:Flagicon Shanghai*

Level Broad and deep
Established international 		Relatively broad
International diversified 		Relatively deep
International specialists 		Emerging
International contenders
International

Template:Flagicon Boston
Template:Flagicon Chicago*
Template:Flagicon Busan
Template:Flagicon Edinburgh
Template:Flagicon Berlin
Template:Flagicon Rome
Template:Flagicon Milan
Template:Flagicon Geneva
Template:Flagicon Montreal
Template:Flagicon Toronto
Template:Flagicon Munich
Template:Flagicon Sydney
Template:Flagicon Osaka
Template:Flagicon Hamburg
Template:Flagicon Melbourne
Template:Flagicon Miami
Template:Flagicon Vancouver
Template:Flagicon Stuttgart

Template:Flagicon Bangkok
Template:Flagicon Vienna*
Template:Flagicon Madrid*
Template:Flagicon Stockholm
Template:Flagicon San Francisco*
Template:Flagicon Athens
Template:Flagicon Copenhagen*

Template:Flagicon Mumbai*
Template:Flagicon GIFT City*
Template:Flagicon Riyadh*
Template:Flagicon Bermuda*
Template:Flagicon Qingdao
Template:Flagicon Shenzhen
Template:Flagicon Tel Aviv
Template:Flagicon Astana
Template:Flagicon Jersey

Template:Flagicon Moscow
Template:Flagicon Mexico City
Template:Flagicon Panama*
Template:Flagicon Bahamas
Template:Flagicon Nairobi
Template:Flagicon Bahrain
Template:Flagicon Jakarta
Template:Flagicon Doha
Template:Flagicon Lagos
Template:Flagicon New Delhi
Template:Flagicon Johannesburg
Template:Flagicon Cape Town
Template:Flagicon Guangzhou*
Template:Flagicon São Paulo
Template:Flagicon Kigali*
Template:Flagicon British Virgin Islands
Template:Flagicon Cayman Islands
Template:Flagicon Taipei*
Template:Flagicon Liechtenstein*

Level Broad and deep
Established players 		Relatively broad
Local diversified 		Relatively deep
Local specialists 		Emerging
Evolving centres
Local

Template:Flagicon Oslo*
Template:Flagicon San Diego
Template:Flagicon Glasgow
Template:Flagicon Calgary*
Template:Flagicon Minneapolis/St Paul
Template:Flagicon Wellington

Template:Flagicon Santiago
Template:Flagicon Lisbon
Template:Flagicon Warsaw
Template:Flagicon Prague
Template:Flagicon Atlanta*
Template:Flagicon Helsinki*

Template:Flagicon Rio de Janeiro*
Template:Flagicon Tallinn*
Template:Flagicon Malta
Template:Flagicon Ho Chi Minh City*
Template:Flagicon Chengdu
Template:Flagicon Lugano
Template:Flagicon Xi'an*
Template:Flagicon Hangzhou*
Template:Flagicon Wuhan*
Template:Flagicon Tianjin*
Template:Flagicon Reykjavík
Template:Flagicon Monaco
Template:Flagicon Nanjing
Template:Flagicon Gibraltar
Template:Flagicon Dalian

Template:Flagicon Baku
Template:Flagicon Manila*
Template:Flagicon Buenos Aires
Template:Flagicon Sofia
Template:Flagicon Riga
Template:Flagicon Cyprus
Template:Flagicon Saint Petersburg
Template:Flagicon Budapest
Template:Flagicon Tehran
Template:Flagicon Bogotá*
Template:Flagicon Guernsey*
Template:Flagicon Bratislava
Template:Flagicon Vilnius
Template:Flagicon Almaty
Template:Flagicon Trinidad and Tobago
Template:Flagicon Barbados
Template:Flagicon Isle of Man*
Template:Flagicon Kuwait City

An asterisk (*) denotes centres that have moved between categories between GFCI 35 and GFCI 36.

Top 15 centres by area of competitiveness

This is run for five separate areas of competitiveness to assess how financial centres perform in each of the areas.[7]

Level Business environment Human capital Infrastructure Financial sector development Reputational and general
1 Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City
2 Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon London
3 Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon Singapore
4 Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Hong Kong
5 Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon San Francisco
6 Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Shanghai
7 Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Chicago
8 Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon Los Angeles
9 Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon Tokyo
10 Template:Flagicon Geneva Template:Flagicon Tokyo Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon Dublin
11 Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon Paris Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon Beijing
12 Template:Flagicon San Diego Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Dubai
13 Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Zurich Template:Flagicon Luxembourg Template:Flagicon Geneva Template:Flagicon Boston
14 Template:Flagicon Toronto Template:Flagicon Dublin Template:Flagicon Dubai Template:Flagicon San Diego Template:Flagicon Shenzhen
15 Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon San Diego Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon Boston Template:Flagicon Frankfurt

Key areas

The business environment factors aggregate and value the regulation, tax rates, levels of corruption, economic freedom and how difficult in general it is to do business. To measure regulation an online questionnaire has been used.

The human capital factors summarize the availability of a skilled workforce, the flexibility of the labour market, the quality of the business education and the skill-set of the workforce, and quality of life.

The infrastructure factors account for the price and availability of office space at the location, as well as public transport.

The financial sector development factors assess the volume and value of trading in capital markets and other financial markets, the cluster effect of the number of different financial service companies at the location, and employment and economic output indicators.

Reputational and general considers more subjective aspects such as innovation, brand appeal, cultural diversity and competitive positioning.

Top 15 centres by industry sector

The index provides sub-rankings in the main areas of financial services – banking, investment management, insurance, professional services, government and regulation, finance, fintech, and trading.[7]

Level Banking Investment management Insurance Professional services Government and regulatory Finance Fintech Trading
1 Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon New York City
2 Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon New York City Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Singapore
3 Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Shanghai
4 Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon London Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon Seoul
5 Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Hong Kong Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon London
6 Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Dubai Template:Flagicon Los Angeles
7 Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Dublin Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Zurich Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Chicago
8 Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Luxembourg Template:Flagicon Singapore Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Beijing
9 Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Sydney Template:Flagicon Zurich Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon San Francisco
10 Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Luxembourg Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon San Diego Template:Flagicon Hong Kong
11 Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Beijing Template:Flagicon Tokyo Template:Flagicon Dubai Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Tokyo Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Paris
12 Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon Tokyo Template:Flagicon Zurich Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Toronto Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C.
13 Template:Flagicon Geneva Template:Flagicon Geneva Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Dublin Template:Flagicon Tokyo Template:Flagicon Dubai Template:Flagicon Geneva Template:Flagicon Frankfurt
14 Template:Flagicon Boston Template:Flagicon Paris Template:Flagicon Washington, D.C. Template:Flagicon Shanghai Template:Flagicon San Francisco Template:Flagicon Seoul Template:Flagicon Zurich Template:Flagicon Tokyo
15 Template:Flagicon Paris Template:Flagicon Chicago Template:Flagicon Geneva Template:Flagicon Shenzhen Template:Flagicon Los Angeles Template:Flagicon Frankfurt Template:Flagicon Busan Template:Flagicon Geneva

References

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